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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 things does cartilage consist of?
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1. Ground substance - GAGs & proteoglycans
2. Type II collagen 3. CHondroblasts/chondrocytes |
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What is unique about cartilage compared to other connective tissues?
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Do NOT have blood supply-- nutrients must diffuse from adjacent CT
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What are the types of cartilage?
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1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage 3. Fibrocartilage |
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Which type of cartilage provides a "model" for developing bones in the fetus?
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Hyaline cartilage
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Which type of cartilage has a bluish-white glass look?
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Hyaline cartilage
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Which type of cartilage covers bony surfaces of most joins, joins ribs to sternum & forms skeleton of larynx?
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Hyaline cartilage
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When do chondroblasts become chondrocytes?
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After chondroblast is completely surround by cartilage matrix
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Chondrocytes are found w/ in small chamber in cartilage matrix called?
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Lacuna
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2-4 chondrocytes found w/ in same lacuna & descended from a common "ancestor" are known as?
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Isogenous group
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Which glycosaminoglycans are found in ground substance of hyaline cartilage?
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1. Hyaluronic acid
2. Chondroitin sulfate 3. Keratan sulfate |
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What makes cartilage so flexible?
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Lots of water found in ground substance
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Zone surrounding chondrocytic lacuna w/ HIGH concentration of sulfated proteoglycans is known as?
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Territorial matrix
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Zone between lacuna w/ LOW concentration of sulfated proteoglycans is known as?
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Interterritorial matrix
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Layer of CT that frequently surrounds cartilage?
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Perichondrium
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Perichondrium is composed of?
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-Fibrous layer: fibroblasts & type I colllagen
-Cellular layer: progenitor cells that differentiate into chondroblasts |
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Where is perichondrium NOT found?
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Articular surfaces (joints)
FIBROCARTILAGE - has type I collagen instead |
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Cartilage arises from which embryonic tissue?
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Mesenchyme
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2 ways in which cartilage can grow?
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1. Interstitial growth
2. Appositional growth |
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In which form of growth do chondrocytes deposit matrix around lacunae?
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Interstitial growth
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In which form of growth is matrix depositied on cartilage surface?
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Appositional growth
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Cartilage receives it's nutritioin from?
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Diffusion of surrounding CT
-No blood vessels, lymphatics or nerves |
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Elastic cartilage is found in which 3 places?
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1. External ear
2. Auditory tube 3. Epiglottis |
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Main difference between elastic cartilage & hyaline cartilage?
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Elastic cartilage is similar to hyaline but has more elastic fibers
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Fibrocartilage contains which type of collagen?
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Type I collagen
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Which type of cartilage is found in bundles frequently oriented in "herring bone" pattern?
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Fibrocartilage
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Where is fibrocartilage found?
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-Intervertebral discs
-Pubic symphysis -Knee -TMJ |
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What 3 things does mineralization require?
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1. Good blood supply
2. Alkaline phosphatase activity 3. Organic matrix that can accept mineral |
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Which ions can substitute for Ca in hydroxyapatite?
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Magnesium-- inhibits crystal growth
Sodium |
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Which ion can substitute for P in hydroxyapatite?
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Carbonate-- INcreases crystal solubility
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Which ions can substitute for the hydroxyl group in hydroxyapatite?
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1. Carbonate
2. Fluoride-- decreases crystal solubility 3. Chloride |
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What are the 2 types of mineralization?
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1. Globular mineralization
2. Linear mineralization |
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What occurs during globular mineralization?
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Matrix vesicles initiate mineralization
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What occurs during linear mineralization?
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Matrix vesicles decrease in size
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What is the role of collagen in mineralization?
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Collagen has staggered aggregation pattern which produces gaps-- gaps occupied by hydroxyapatite
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Where is alkaline phosphatase found?
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-Cell membranes
-Organic matrix of hard tissues -Matrix vesicles |
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What is the function of alkaline phosphatase?
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Cleaves phosphate ions from organic substrate at an alkaline pH producing free phosphate ions
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