Cartilage And Bone

Front 1

Matrix

Back 1

Possesses proteoclycan aggregates and chondronectin (where type II collage embedded)

Front 2

fibrocartilage

Back 2

only cartilage with type I collagen

lacks perichondrium

Front 3

Histogenesis of hyaline cartilage

Back 3

interstitial growth: cell division of pre-existing chondrocyte

appositional growth: differentiation of chondriogenic cells in perichondrium

Front 4

Bone Composition

Back 4

Inorganic: 65%, composed of Ca, Mg, P; primarily of hydroxyapatite crystals

Organic: 35%: primarily (95%) composed of Type I collagen; ground substance has keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

Front 5

Periosteum

Back 5

noncalcified conn tissue covering external surfaces of bones

outer dense collagenous layer + inner osteoprogenitor layer

connected to bone via sharpey fibers (type I collagen)

Front 6

Endosteum

Back 6

lines marrow cavities, consists of osteoprogenitor and osteoblasts for bone growth

Front 7

osteoclast

Back 7

stimulated by M-CSF to undergos mitosis

RANK-L binding triggers ruffled border and osteoclastic act.

clear zone surrounds ruffled b

Front 8

clear zone

Back 8

surrounds ruffled border (microvilli)

osteopontin is secreted to seal the zone b/t osteoclast and bone

Front 9

primary bone

Back 9

first compact bone produced in fetal development/bone repair

replaced by secondary bone in most places (except suture lines in skull bones, tooth sockets, and insertion slits of tendons)

Front 10

secondary bone

Back 10

mature/lamellar bone

compact bone in adults: arranged in lamellaes (osteons)

Front 11

intramembranous bone formation

Back 11

process flat bones are formed (parietal bones of the skull)

mesenchymal cells --> primary ossification centers --> osteoblasts --> osteoclasts (trabeculae)

Front 12

endochondral bone formation

Back 12

hyaline cartilage model involved; longe bone formation

vascularization of perichondrium = primary center of ossification --> intramembranous ossification (migration of osteoblasts) --> formation of bone collar

development of secondary ossification centers

Front 13

zones of epiphyseal plates

Back 13

zone of reserve (inactive chondrocytes)

zone of proliferation: region of rapid mitotic division

zone of hypertrophy and maturation: region where chondrocytes are greatly enlarged

zone of calcification: hypertrophied chondrocytes die

Front 14

Vitamin D

Back 14

necessary for absorption of calcium from small intestine

Front 15

Vitamin A

Back 15

necessary for proper bone formation and growth; excess accelerates ossification of epiphyseal plates

small stature seen either way

Front 16

vitamin C

Back 16

necessary for collagen form

deficiency results in poor bone formation

Front 17

somatotropin (GH)

Back 17

stimulates growth in epiphyseal plates

Front 18

Joints (2x)

Back 18

synarthroses: immovable joints composed of conn tissue, cartilage, or bone (unit first rib to sternum and connect skull bones to each other)

diarthroses (synovial joints): permit max movement and unite long bones

Front 19

synovial capsule

Back 19

two layers: external and internal capsule

external: composed of tough fibrous connective tissue

internal (synovial membrane): lined by a layer of squamos to cuboidal epithelial cells on internal surface

Type A cells (of internal capsule): phagocytic

Type B: resemble fibroblasts; secrete synovial fluid

Front 20

Osteomalacia (Symptoms, Cause)

Back 20

Symptoms: rickets of adults; severe in pregnancy

Cause: deficient calcification in new formed bone

Front 21

osteopetrosis (symptoms, causes)

Back 21

Symptoms: increase bone density; anemia

Causes: genetic disorder where osteoclast do not express ruffled border

Front 22

hydrocortisone, cortisone, estradiol

Back 22

inhibits cartilage and matrix formation

Front 23

thyroxine, testosterone, and somatotropin

Back 23

stimulate cartilage growth and matrix formation