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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are dental hard tissue and bone made up of?
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protein matrix (organic)
minerals (inorganic) |
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Name a few inorganic minerals
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calcium, phosphate and magnesium
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What does inorganic mean?
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no carbon
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What does cariology mean?
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study of dental caries
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There are several ways in which enamel and dentin can be removed what are they?
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by the body - reabsorption
mechanically - attrition or abrasion chemically - caries or corrosion |
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What can cause reabsorption?
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pressure on teeth
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What can the chemical removal of enamel and detnin cause?
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corrosion - strong acids applied directly to teeth (soda)
Dental caries - weak acids for prolonged periods |
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What acts as a barrier to dental caries?
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pellicle and plaque
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Do enamel and dentin dissolve in pure water?
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YES, very slightly
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How does plaque become calculus?
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plaque absorbs calcium and turns into calculus
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At what pH are minerals lost from the tooth?
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5.5
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Why is saliva supersaturated with calcium and phosphate at pH7 or above?
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so tooth will gain minerals
this is also why calculus forms |
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When the pH is 5.5 what is losing minerals and what is gaining minerals?
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Tooth is losing and saliva is gaining minerals
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When the pH is 7.5 what is losing minerals and what is gaining minerals?
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tooth is gaining and saliva is losing
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What is demineralisation?
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refers to net loss of minerals from the tooth
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What is remineralisation?
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refers to net gain of minerals from plaque and saliva
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What is saliva normally supersaturated with?
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calcium and phosphate
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When do teeth experience constant demin/remin cycle?
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at meals and for 45 min after - demin
between meals - remin |
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Teeth are constantly attacked by acid, how can you improve remin?
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by not having sweet food
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What happens when tooth looses more mineral than gains?
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tooth decay occurs
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What are some things to help reduce demin?
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fluorides
plaque removal - to reduce bacteria and acid production diet modification - to reduce acid attacks |
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How can we increase remin?
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adding fluorides
using other remin substances e.g. calcium, phosphate, xylitol and recaldent promoting salivary flow - chewing gum |
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What is xylitol?
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a sugar replacement with antibacterial properties
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When does the crystal structure tend to be better?
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in the presence of fluoride
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What happens if fluoride is present in plaque?
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calcium apatite dissolves
calcium fluorapatite precipitates |
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At a pH of 5.5 calcium apatite dissolves...but
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calcium fluorapatite does not
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What is the aim of fluoride treatment?
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to keep small amounts of fluoride in plaque at all times
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If small amounts of fluoride are present in plaque at the time of acid attack remin may equal?
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demin of apaptite
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What does caries always begin with?
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loss of minerals
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Does the surface layer remain unaffected for a long period after loss of mineral?
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YES
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Studies show that the rate of progression of caries develop slowly how long do they say it might take to reach pulp?
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3-5 years
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What can quicken the rate of progression?
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habits and saliva flow
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Before cavitation occurs healing is possible if we reduce demin and increase remin by ....
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topical fluoride
plaque control salivary flow dietary changes recaldent CPP-ACP - tooth mousse |
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should you drill and restore every small lesion?
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NO, can monitor carefully with radiographs and try to remin
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Can examination periods be longer than 6 months?
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YES, decision is made by individual and operator on a case by case basis
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