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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define dental caries
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An infectious transmissible, communicable disease that is preventable and controllable
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What is the basic caries process?
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When certain acidogenic bacteria in dental biofilm act to metabolize the fermentable carbohydrates ingested
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What is the second step in the caries process?
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Acids are formed that in turn act to demineralize the enamel, cementum, and or dentin and lead to cavity formation
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What is the main cause of nursing bottle caries?
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Frequent exposure of an infant or child’s teeth for long periods of time to liquids that contain sugars: milk, formula, fruit juice, and other sweetened liquids
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List some other contributing factors in nursing bottle caries
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Reduction in swallowing and saliva production during sleep, more viscous saliva in children, warm environment during sleep which provides a culture medium for bacterial growth
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Which teeth are more at risk for nursing bottle caries?
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Anterior are more at risk than posterior
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How long does bacteria attack the teeth for?
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20 minutes
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List ways to prevent nursing bottle caries
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-Wiping the child’s teeth after feeding
-Begin brushing with first tooth -Floss when multiple teeth are present -Only allow water in bottle to sleep -Never give a pacifier dipped in a sweet liquid -Cup by age 1 -Regular dental visits by 6-12 years |
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In the blacks classification of cavities, what is class I?
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Decay in pits and fissures
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In the blacks classification of cavities, what is class II?
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Proximal surfaces (Mesial/Distal)
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In the blacks classification of cavities, what is class III?
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Proximal surfaces of incisors
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In the blacks classification of cavities, what is class IV?
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Proximal of anterior and incisal edge or angle of the tooth
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In the blacks classification of cavities, what is class V?
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Gingival third of facial or lingual
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In the blacks classification of cavities, what is class VI?
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Incisal edges of anterior cusp tips of posterior
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What are the three factors that must occur at the same time in order for the development of caries?
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1) Susceptible tooth and host
2) Cariogenic microorganisms 3) Cariogenic diet |
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What are the two groups of bacteria that are dominate in the caries process?
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Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus
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What is MS?
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Infectious organisms that colonize the teeth and help to form biofilm by creating a sticky environment
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What is acidogenic bacteria?
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Specific bacteria in biofilm that metabolizes acid from carbohydrates that are ingested
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When are the infectious organisms (MS) most active?
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During the initial stage of demineralization and cavity formation
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List four fermentable carbohydrates
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Sucrose, glucose, fructose, and cooked starch
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What are the four acids that are produced?
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Acetic, lactic, formic, and proprionic
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What is the process of acid production?
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-The acid formed passes rapidly into the tiny diffusion channels by the enamel rods or into the exposed root surfaces
-The acid dissolves the calcium and phosphate mineral in the subsurface of the enamel or dentin structure |
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What is demineralization?
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A process by which the minerals of the tooth are dissolved by the organic acids produced from the fermentable carbohydrate
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What is remineralization?
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Can take over to halt the demineralization process with the help from saliva and fluoride which provide protection
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What are "MS", "SS", and "LB"?
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-MS - major pathogen, more oval than round, large quantities
-SS - sucrose -LB - acidogenic and acid uric (producing and tolerant) active in untreated caries |
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What stage of caries development occurs when caries begin to demineralize the enamel?
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Incipient caries
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What stage of caries development is characterized by cavitation?
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Overt lesion
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What stage of caries development follows incipient caries with rapid development of overt lesions throughout the mouth?
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Rampant caries
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What stage of caries development becomes stationary with no further progression?
-dark brown to reddish brown |
Arrested caries
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What stage of caries is nursing bottle caries?
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Rampant caries
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Which saliva protection provides minerals ready to be used in remineralization process: calcium, phosphate, and fluoride?
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Chemical protection
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What is the antibacterial protection of saliva?
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Immunologlobin work against bacteria
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Describe the physical protection of saliva
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Water content regulates the flow to provide cleansing effect, dilutes and removes acid
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List the risk factors for caries
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-Social History
-Medical History -Use of Fluoride -Dietary Habits -Biofilm Control -Clinical/Oral |
