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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
epiphysis(epiphyses,pl.)
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the expanded ends of a bone
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diaphysis(diaphyses,pl.)
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the main shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
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that part of the bone which is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
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periosteum
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the connective tissue membrane which covers the bone
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endosteum
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the thin memebrane which lines the marrow cavity of a bone
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cortical bone
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adjectival form of the term "cortex" which refers to the outer layer.
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cancellous bone
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A spongy structure, refers mostly to bone tissue
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells
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lacunae(lacuna, singular)
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samll cavities containing mature bone cells
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canaliculi (canaliculus, s.)
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the narrow channels through wich the osteocytes extend
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inferior nasal concha
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skull (paired)
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lacrimal
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skull (paired)
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maxilla
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skull (paired)
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nasal
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skull (paired)
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palatine
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skull (paired)
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parietal
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skull (paired)
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temporal
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skull (paired)
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zygomatic
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skull (paired)
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ethmoid
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skull (unpaired)
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frontal
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skull (unpaired)
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occipital
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skull (unpaired)
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sphenoid
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skull (unpaired)
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vomer
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skull (unpaired)
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incus
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ossicles of ear
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malleus
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ossicles of ear
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stapes
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ossicles of ear
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mandible
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lower jaw
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hyoid
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neck
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cervical vertebrae
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vertebral column
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(atlas)1st cervical vertebra
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vertebral column (1)
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(axis) 2nd cervical vertbra
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vertebral column (2)
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thoracic vertebrae
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vertebral column (12)
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lumbar vertebrae
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vertebral column (5)
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sacrum
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vertebral column
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coccyx
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vertebral column
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sternum
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chest(1)
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ribs
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chest (12)
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coronal suture
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line of junction of th frontal bone with two parietal bones
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sphenoid bone
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wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull, forming part of floor of anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae
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nasal bone
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either of two small, oblong bones that together form the bridge of the nose
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frontal bone
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single bone that closes the anterior part of the cranial cavity and forms the forehead, it forms in two halves, sometimes the suture persists into adult life.
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temporal bone
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one of tow irregular bones forming part of lateral surface and base of skull and containing oragans of hearing,
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nasal concha
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thin bony plates, there is superior, middle, inferior, projects from the inner wall of the ethmoid to form outer wall of nose
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maxilla
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irregularly shaped bone that with its fellow forms the upper jaw; it assists in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate, and lodges the upper teeth.
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parietal bone
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either of the two quadrilateral bones forming part of the superior and lateral surface of the skull, and joining each other in the midline at the sagittal suture
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squamous suture
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the suture between the squamous part of the temporal bone and the parietal bone
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lambdoid suture
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line of junction of the between occipital and parietal bones, shaped like Breek lambda
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occipital bone
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single trapezoid-shaped bone situated at the posterior and inferior part of the cranium
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mastoid process
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styloid process
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condyloid process
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the articular surface of the mandible
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coronoid process
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supraorbital foramen
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lacrimal bone
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zygomatic bone
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vomer
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mandible
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accessory l.
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any ligament that strengthens or suports antoher
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arcuate l's(ligamenta flava-pl.;ligamentum flavum-s.)
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"yellow ligaments" located in the spine for maintaining the erect position
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collateral l.
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fibular, radial, tibial, ulnar, etc. not direct but supporting ligaments.
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coracoid l.
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"like a ravens beak" used to describe area on scapula, combining form corac/o
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cruciate l.
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"shaped like cross";anterior, posterior, and lateral, found in knees, fingers and toes
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falciform l.
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"shaped like sickle" near sacral tuberosity and within liver
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inguinal l.
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pertaining to area of groin
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inerosseous l.
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"between bones"
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longitudinal l.
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lengthwise
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nuchal l.
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pertaining to neck
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triquetral l.
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"three cornered"
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apophyseal f.
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a small fragment is torn
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articular f.
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fracture of joint surface
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avulsion f.
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indirect fracture caused by tearing or pulling of ligament
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blow-out f.
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fracture of orbital floor caused by traumatic force
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boxer f.
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f. of metacarpal neck, caused by striking something hard with a closed fist.
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bucket-handle f.
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"bucket-handle tear" tear in cartilage leaving loop of cart. in intercondylar notch
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burst f.
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axial compression fracture" fracture of vertebra often injuring spinal cord
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butterfly f.
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comminuted fracture resulting in two gragments of bone on either side of a main fragment, resembling a butterfly.
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buttonhole f.
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"perforating fracture." bone is perforated by a missile.
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chisel f.
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detachment of a piece from the head of the radius.
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cleavage f.
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shelling off of cartilage by a small fragment
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closed fr.
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a fracture which does not produce an open wound in, or penetrate, the skin.
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Colles' f.
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Fracture of the lower end of the radius, where the fragment is displaced.
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comminuted f.
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the bone is splintered or crushed.
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complete f.
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the bone is entirely broken, all the way across.
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complicated f.
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there is injury to adjacent parts of the bone due to a fracture.
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compound f.
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open fracture.
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compression f.
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a result of compression
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condylar f.
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f of humerus small fragment which includes condyle is separated from bone
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dislocation f.
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occurs near a joint, and results in displacement of the joint.
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greenstick f.
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"hickory-stick fracture" one side of bone broken, other bent
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hangman's f.
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fracture through the axis (C2)
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impacted f.
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one fragment of a fracture is driven
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indirect f.
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occurs at a point distant from the injury
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insufficiency f.
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occurs when there is a normal amount of stress, but the bone is of decreased density
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intra-articular f.
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on the articular surface of bone
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intracapsular f.
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fracture occurring within the capsule
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intrauterinef.
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fracture of the fetal bone while in utero.
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Le Fort f.
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fracture of the Maxilla
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linear f.
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extending along the legth of the bone
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longitudinal f.
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break extending ina longitudinal direction
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oblique f.
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extending in an oblique direction
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open f.
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resulting in an external wound
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simple f.
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closed f.
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spiral f.
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"torsion fracture" where a bone is literally twisted apart
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spontaneous f.
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as a result of some longstanding disease, non traumatic
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stress f.
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resulting from repeated stress to bone
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subcapital f.
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fracture of bone just below its head
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torsion f.
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"spiral fracture"
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torus f.
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localized expansion of cortex, little or no displacement of the lower end of the bone.
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transverse f.
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occurs at right angle to axis of a bone
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tuft f.
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splintered fracture of the distal phalanx
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achondroplasia
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hereditary disorder of cartilage and bone formation(disproportionately short limbs.)
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ankylosing spondylitis
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rheumatoid arthritis of spine. Back pain, early morning stiffness relieve by activity.
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arthritis
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joint pain, swelling, stiffness, deformity, fever, and weight loss
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chondrosarcoma
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pain and generally presence of a mass,malignant tumor of cartilage
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degenerative joint disease
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pain and stiffness in joints which is aggravated with physical activity and relieved with rest, degeneration of articular cartilage
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Ewing tumor or sarcoma
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cancerous tumor/malignancy invades entire shaft of bone. pain and swelling
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gout
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systemic disease due to deposition of urate crystals, severe pain, swelling affecting a single joint
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Hurler syndrome
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irregular ossification due to overproduction of mucopolysaccharides, short stature, coarse features, skeletal deformities, enlarged organs
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hypophosphatasia
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result of a deficiency in alkaline phosphatase, skeletal defects bone pain and other abnormal body chemistries
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Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
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loss of blood supply (death of living bone tissue)in head of femur, hip pain, limping
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Marfan syndrome
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abnormal formation of connective tissue long, slender habitus, skeletal malformations, vision/eye problems
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multiple myeloma
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most common bone neoplasm, tumor derived from blood cells. pain and swelling
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
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tibial tubercle, patella inserts onto tibia, when growth centers become stressed, pain at the site upon exertion and limping
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osteochondritis dissecans
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osteochondrosis involving shoulder and knee joints
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osteochondrosis
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a group of develpmental disorders affecting ossification centers and occuring in adolescence. Including Legg-Calve-Perthes, Osgood-Schlatter and Scheuermann;pain and limited movement of affected bones
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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result of abnormal formation of connective tissues; blue sclerae, fractures from very minor trauma, and deafness
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osteoid osteoma
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benign lesion can occur on any bone but most common on long bones; skeletal deformities, bowing of long bones, and hypertrophy of epiphyses
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osteomalacia
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softening of bone, as a result of bone being poorly mineralized; deformities and fractures of bones
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osteomyelitis
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bacterial infection of the bone, can be a fungal infection;bone pain, fever, chills
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osteoporosis
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density of the bone is inadequate to allow for proper support required of bone; backache, loss of height, and forward hunching of spine (kyphosis)
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Paget disease
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degenerative disorder resulting in softening and swelling bone; bone pain, kyphosis, bowing of shins, cranial swelling, deafness
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psoriatic arthritis
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chronic skin disease causing scaling, dryness, pustules, and abscesses to appear on nails, scalp lumbar area of spine and genitalia, also involves joints
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Reiter Syndrome
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arthritis associated with nobacterial urethritis, conjunctivitis, cervicitis, and mucocutaneous lesions
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rickets
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occuring in infants; resulting from overgrowth of poorly mineralized bone and enlarged marrow cavities. skeletal deformities, bowing of long bones, and hypertrophy of epiphyses
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Scheuermann disease
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affects ossification centers of vertebrae. juvenile kyphosis, or a curved appearance of the spine
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scoliosis
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lateral (or sideways cruvature of spine in the erect position. Caused by malalignment of vertebrae.
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