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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or false: Acute poisonings occur in all age groups.
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true
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Poisonings in children are usually _______ and usually ______.
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accidental and male
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Poisonings in adolescents and adults are usually _______ and more frequently __________.
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suicide attempts and female
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A substance, that through its chemical action, kills, injures, or impairs an organism.
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poison
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the act of injuring or killing by means of a poison
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poisoning
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short term exposure to a poison, usually only a single exposure
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acute poisoning
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long term exposure to a poison, may be over many weeks, months, or years
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chronic poisoning
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ability of a cheical agent to cause harm
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toxicity
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attempt to use a drug in a beneficial manner & it instead causes harm
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iatrogenic drug use
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What are two problems with recreational drugs?
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1. variable potency
2. impure preparations |
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What are the three major routes of exposure?
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1. inhalation (industrial)
2. ingestion (home and recreation) 3. percutaneous (rarely seen) |
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What are the most common causes of death from poisoning?
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1. aspiration
2. hypoxia 3. cerebral edema |
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What is the phone number for the LA poison control center?
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1-800-222-1222
(He said this 20 times so I included it.) =) |
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What is supportive therapy treatment?
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- establish patent airway
- provide adequate ventilation - maintain adequate vital signs ( remember to protect yourself from contact with the toxic substances) |
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true or false:
For ingested poisons, emesis is no longer recommended. |
true
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What are some types of treatment of ingested poisons?
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- gastric lavage
- neutralization - catharsis |
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true or false:
Gastric lavage is not as effective as emesis, but has fewer side effects. |
true
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What is a type of neutralization for the treatment of ingested poisons?
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activated charcoal
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What are two type of catharsis treatments for ingested poisons?
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- magnesium citrate
- sodium sulfate |
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What is the most effective and preferred treatment of heavy metal poisonings?
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chelating agents
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True or false:
For injected poisons, not much can be done to eliminate absorption. |
true
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What is the proper method of treatment for topical absorption of toxic materials?
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- brush away compound if dry
- wash the exposed area with copious amounts of water |
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What is increasing renal excretion good for?
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-barbiturates
-bromide -PCP -salicylate overdoses |
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What is the problem with increasing renal excretion?
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It can cause electrolyte, pulmonary, and cardiovascular complications.
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What is extrarenal excretion used for?
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-alcohol
-salicylate -barbiturate -theophylline overdoses It is also used for severe intoxication or deterioration despite supportive therapy. (and toxic blood or tissue levels also) |
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What effects can occur when multiple compounds are used together?
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-additive
-supra-additive (synergistic) -infra-additive (antagonistic) -potentiation |
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What is the specific antidote for opioids?
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naloxone
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What is the mech. of action for naloxone?
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pharmacological antagonism
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What is the specific antidote for benzodiazepines?
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flumazenil
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What is the mech. of action for flumazenil?
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pharmacological antagonism
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What is the specific antidote for acetominophen?
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N-acetylcysteine
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What is the mech. of action of
N-acetylcysteine? |
sulfhydryl donor, inactivation of toxic metabolism
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What is the antidote for iron salts and heavy metals?
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chelating agents
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What is the antidote for venoms?
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antivenom
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What is the mech. of action of antivenoms?
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binding of antigen by antibody
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