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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lesion
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any pathologically altered tissue
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macule
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flat, circular, LESS than 1cm
ex. freckle, mole, petechuie |
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papule
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round, LESS than 1cm, elevated
ex. wart, elevated mole |
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plaque
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elevated, firm, rough, GREATER than 1cm
ex. psoriasis, actinic keratosis |
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wheal
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elevated,irregular shape, cutaneous edema
ex. bites, allergic reaction |
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uticaria
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hives with itching
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vesicles
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elevated, circumscribed, LESS than 1cm, filled with serous fluid
ex. herpes, varicella |
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bulla
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like a vesicle, GREATER than 1cm
ex. blister |
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scale
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heaped up, keratinized cells
ex. dermatitis, dandruff |
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crust
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dried serum, blood or purulent exudates, slightly elevated, varied size and color
ex. exzema, scab |
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2 most common skin cancers
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Basal and Squamous cell carcinoma
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basal cell carcinoma
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primarily over hairy areas with pilosebaceous glands, rarely spreads, hard nodular lesion, pearly translucent with telangiectic vessels
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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may arise from premalignant lesions, thick white firmly attached, associated with pipe smoking, poorly marginated, grows faster than Basal, smooth irregular hard
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Bowens Disease
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squamous cell carcinoma that resembles psoriasis
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malignant melanoma, 2 types, prognosis
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1)cancer of melanocytes
2)superficial spreading or nodular 3) tumor size, lymph nodes, metastasis |
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ABCD's of mm
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A-assymetry
B- irregular Border C- inconsistent Color D- diameter- pencil eraser 6mm+ |
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pruritis
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symptom of many diseases
caused by dry skin, drug reactions, systemic diseases, infection, psychogenic reaction |
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3 types of bacterial infection
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empetigo, furuncle/boil, cellulitis
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empetigo
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caused by staph, common in childrens' faces, begins as small vesicle, forms crust, caused by tropics, uncleanliness and poor nutrition
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furuncle/ boil
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caused by staph, infected gland or follicle
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cellulitis
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skin infection extending deep into dermis and subcut. tissue, usually caused by streptococci
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candidiasis
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caused by hormone imbalance, antibiotics, diabetes mellitus
keep skin dry Mycostatin,Mycelex,Nixorol |
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dermatophytoses
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superficial fungal infection, the 4 tineas
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tinea corporis
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nonhairy parts of body
occurs in hot humid climates flat with erythematous scaling border |
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tinea cruris
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jock itch
brown. red w/ no scaling treated with topical fungicide, itchy |
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tinea pedis
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most common
athletes foot especially 4th interspace may discolor nails more in men |
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3 signs of lice, treatment
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pinpoint erythema
raised macules pruritis pyrethrin |
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scabies
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female itch mite
common in immunocompromised brown threadlike lines on hands permethrin |
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psoriasis
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chronic inflammatory skin disease
elevated red lesions with white scales higher in whites goal is to slow down mitotic activity treatment: keratolytics |
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3 phases of wound healing
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vascular response/ inflammation
proliferative maturation |
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transnasal tube
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most common= NG tube
used for short duration (3-4 weeks) |
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PEG tube
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placed with aid of an endoscope
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function of fiber
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stimulates peristalsis, increases stool bulk, repair/maintain intestinal lining
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residue
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fiber+ undigested food + intestinal secretions+ other cells
most formulas have little residue |
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blenderized formula
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natural source of fiber, made from whole foods
~4g/ liter |
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osmolality
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the concentration of sugars, amino acids, and electrolytes
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isotonic formula
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approx. same osmolality as blood and are well tolerated
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hypertonic
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a formula with an osmolality greater than blood, can cause diarrhea
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gastric residuals
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volume of feeding that remains in the stomach from previous feeding
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dumping syndrome
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nausea, diarrhea, glycosuria, cramps etc related to bolus feeding
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hyperalimentation
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excessive nourishment
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refeeding syndrome
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potentially fatal complication that occurs from an abrupt change from a catabolic to anabolic state and an increase in insulin caused by a dramatic increase in calories
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central PN
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nutrients infused into bloodstream through a central vein, nutritionally complete
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3 steps of preoperative nursing care
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assessment
teaching informed consent |
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how long before surgery are patients placed on NPO status?
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8hrs
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scrub nurse vs circulating nurse
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assists surgeon using strict surgical asepsis, surgical attire
coordinator, assists scrub nurse and surgeon, doesnt wear surgical attire |
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what to moniter during intraoperative care
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NG and urinary output, cardiac and resp status, iv infusions, allergic reactions, maintain surgical asepsis
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general/regional/localized anesthesia
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1)iv/inhalation produce unconsciousness, ET placement
2)loss of sensation to area of body, no LOC but may be sedated 3)specific site |
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side effects of anesthetic agents
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CV depression or irritability, respiratory depression, liver and kidney damage
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postop vital signs
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q15 min (1hour)
q30 min (2 hours) q hour (4 hours) q2-4 hrs |
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atelectasis
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collapse of alveoli with retained mucous secretions
caused by inadequate expansion due to anesthesia |
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pneumonia
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inflammation of alveoli caused by infectious process
s/s: fever, chills, cough, chest pain, dyspnea poor lung expansion |
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hypoxemia
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inadequate oxygenation of arterial blood
s/s: restlessness, hypertension, tachy, cyanosis, coma, apnea depressed respirations from anesthetic |
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hypovolemic shock
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inadequate perfusion of tissue and cells from loss of circulatory fluid volume
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malignant hyperthermia
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life threatening complication of anesthesia
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wound dehiscence
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separation of wound at suture line
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wound evisceration
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organs protruding from suture line
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