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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glutamate
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Excitatory
Acts on the NMDA receptor n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Released by primary afferent nerves Stimulation of NMDA receptor often results in psychosis in humans (PCP, ketamine) |
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Substance P
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Excitatory
Found in synaptic vesicles of C-fibers Enhance or aggravate pain Receptors found in peripheral neurons and in the spinal cord |
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GABA
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Inhibitory
Gamma amino butyric acid Widespread in brain and spinal cord Baclofen and benzodiazepines are agonists |
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NE
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Inhibitory
Works via alpha-2 receptors in spinal cord Inhibits discharge of dorsal horn neurons Alpha-2 agonists (clonidine) reduce pain |
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5-HT
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Inhibitory
Effect originates in medulla and midbrain Sends inhibitory signals to dorsal horn Drugs that increase serotonin levels do not appear to alleviate pain |
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Endogenous Opioids
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Three main groups:
Enkephalins (Delta receptors) Dynorphins (Kappa receptors) Beta endorphins (Mu receptors) |
