Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
function of cardiovascular system
|
supply blood to tissue
|
|
|
slows heart action
|
vagus nerve
|
|
|
accelerates heart by stimulating the release of epinephrine
|
sympathetic nervouse system
|
|
|
how many chambers of the heart
|
four
|
|
|
heart consist of how many atria and ventricles
|
two and two
|
|
|
separates the right and left sides of the heart
|
septum
|
|
|
located in between each atrium and ventricle
|
atrioventricular valves
|
|
|
permits blood flow in only one direction
|
atrioventricular valves
|
|
|
has two cusps and called left atrioventricular
|
mitral valve bicuspid
|
|
|
has three cusps and called Right atrioventricular
|
tricuspid valve
|
|
|
lies between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
|
pulmonary valve
|
|
|
separates aorta from the left ventricle
|
aortic valve
|
|
|
general circulation of the body
|
systemic circulation
|
|
|
T/F walls of the left ventricle is thicker than the right
|
True
|
|
|
contractions phase is called
|
systole
|
|
|
when heart chamber relax and fills with blood
|
diastole
|
|
|
specialized pacemakers in the SA node possess
|
intrinsic rhythm
|
|
|
heart surrounded by a double membranous sac
|
pericardium
|
|
|
permit mixing of blood in systemic and pulmonary circulations; lungs become overloaded with blood
|
left-to-right shunts
|
|
|
most common congenital cardiac lesion,permit free communication between two atria, lack of closure of foramen ovale, cause overload of right ventricle
enlargement of right ventricle |
Atrial septal defect
|
|
|
leads to diastolic overloading and enlargement of the left atrium and left ventricle
|
Ventrical septal defect
|
|
|
vessel extends from bifurcation of pulmonary artery, cause excess blood returned to left atrium and ventricle, enlargement of left atrium, left ventricle and central pulmonary arteries
|
patent ductus arteriosus
|
|
|
complicates left to right shunts,caused by increased vascular resistance in pulmonary arteries
|
(Eisenmengers) syndrome
|
|
|
most definitive imaging technique for demonstrating the atria and ventricles of the heart
|
Angiocardiography
|
|
|
most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease, consist 4 abnormalities,
|
Tetralogy of fallot
|
|
|
enlargement of right ventricle causes upward, lateral displacement of apex of heart,aorta is on right side, electrocardiography is modality of choice
|
Tetralogy of fallot
|
|
|
narrowing, or constriction of aorta, beyond branching of blood vessels to head and arms
|
coarctation
|
|
|
enlargement of normally tiny vessels in attempt to compensate for inadequate blood supply to lower portion of the body.
|
collateral circulation
|
|
|
seen as rib notching, causes two bulges, produces figure 3
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
narrowing of the coronary arteries that causes oxygen deprivation of the myocardium and ischemic heart
|
coronary artery disease
|
|
|
deposition of fatty material on the inner arterial wall
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
|
temporary insufficiency of oxygen causes
|
angina pectoris
|
|
|
Death of muscle cells
|
Myocardial infraction
|
|
|
After exercise focal defects that remain unchanged on delayed scans reflect
|
scar formation
|
|
|
new noninvasive technique for detecting, localizing, and classifying myocardial necrosis
|
Radionuclide scanning
|
|
|
generally considered the definitive test for determining the presence and assessing the severity of coronary artery disease
|
Coronary arteriography
|
|
|
inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues
|
Congestive heart Failure
|
|
|
heart is lined with a smooth delicate membrane called
|
endocardium
|
|
|
heart rate is controlled by what major system of the body
|
autonomic nervous system
|
|
|
which hormone increases heart rate and increases the force of its contractions
|
epinephrine
|
|
|
the left atrioventricular (AV) valve is also called the
|
Mitral Valve
|
|
|
separates the right and left sides of the heart
|
Partition (septum)
|
|
|
tricuspid valve is located between
|
Right atrium and Right ventricle
|
|
|
Deoxygenated venous blood returns to the heart VIA
|
superior and inferior venae cavae
|
|
|
superior and inferior vena cava empty into which part of the heart to begin pulmonary circulation
|
Right atrium
|
|
|
Right ventricle pumps blood into what vessel
|
pulmonary artery
|
|
|
pulmonary veins empty into
|
left atrium
|
|
|
Deoxygenated blood is carried to the heart to the lungs VIA
|
Right Ventricle
|
|
|
what term is applied to the contraction phase of the heart
|
Systole
|
|
|
what term is applied to the relaxed, filling phase of the heart
|
Diastole
|
|
|
what term is the "pacemaker" of the heart
|
senatorial node
|
|
|
Pass through AV node, spreads through ventricles by way of Bundle of HIS, Bundle of His terminates purkinje's fibers
|
order of impules of a heart beat
|
|
|
protect against friction, permits heart to move easily during contraction
|
function of Pericardium
|
|
|
most common congenital cardiac lesions
|
left-to-Right-shunts
|
|
|
permit mixing of blood from system and pulmonary circulations as a result of a lack of closure of the foramen ovale after birth
|
atrial septal defect
|
|
|
congenital cardiac lesion that appears radiographically as an enlarged left atrium, left ventricle and central pulmonary arteries
|
ventricular septal defect
|
|
|
appears radiographically as enlarged right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary outflow tract
|
Atrial septal defect
|
|
|
abnormal vascular connection between pulmonary artery and aorta
|
patent ductus arteriosus
|
|
|
complicates left-to right shunts
|
pulmonary hypertension (eisenmenger's syndrome)
|
|
|
modality most definitive, yet most invasive, for demonstration of the heart atria ventricles
|
Angiocardiography
|
|
|
most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease
|
Tetralogy of fallot
|
|
|
constriction of the aorta at the distal arch
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
presents clinically as normal blood pressure in the upper extremities and low blood pressure in the lower extremities
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
Rib notching is a radiographic characteristic of
|
Coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
causes ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium
|
Narrowing of coronary arteries
|
|
|
deposition of fatty material;s on the inner arterial wall
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
|
death of muscle cells
|
myocardial infraction
|
|
|
inrinsic cardica abnormality, hypertension, process that abnormally increases peripheral resistance to blood flow
|
causes of CHF
|
|
|
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues
|
pulmonary edema
|
|
|
elevation of pulmonary venous pressure
|
common cause of pulmonary edema
|
|
|
localized dilation of an artery
|
aneurysm
|
|
|
hypertension and high blood pressure causes
|
CHF and stroke
|
|
|
when an artery is dilated or bulging on only one side of the arterial wall, it is termed
|
Saccular aneurysm
|
|
|
when the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bulging
|
fusiform aneurysm
|
|
|
potentially fatal complication of closed chest trauma
|
Traumatic rupture of the aorta
|
|
|
condition which disruption of the intima permits blood to enter the wall of the aorta and separate its layers
|
aortic dissection
|
|
|
An intravascular clot
|
Thrombus
|
|
|
part of a thrombus that becomes detached from the vessel wall and enters the blood stream
|
embolism
|
|
|
autoimmune disease that results from a reaction of a patients antibodies against antigens
|
Rheumatic feaver
|
|
|
modality is the most sensitive and specific noninvasive method for diagnosing mitral valve stenosis
|
echocardiograpgy
|
|
|
disease in which the growth of nodules or vegetation on the heart valves is caused by deposits of bacteria or fungi
|
infective Endocarditis
|
|
|
accumulation of fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart
|
pericardial effusion
|
|
|
major source of fatal pulmonary emboli
|
Deep venous Thrombosis
|
|
|
Dilated and tortuous superficial veins of the leg are called
|
Varicose veins
|
|
|
what noninvasive technique of choice is used for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis
|
Duplex color doppler ultrasound
|
