Cardiovascular System Anat

Front 1

heart:There are two layers to the pericardial sac: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. The serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the ____ pericardium, which is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium, and the ____ pericardium, which is part of the epicardium. The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle proper (the myocardium).

Back 1

parietal, visceral

Front 2

heart: the thick muscular layer of the heart wall

Back 2

myocardium

Front 3

heart:inferior portion of the heart

Back 3

apex

Front 4

heart:wall seperating heart into right and left portions, includes the intraventricular and interatrial septum

Back 4

septum

Front 5

heart:superior chamber on the right side of the septum, receives blood from the systemic circuit

Back 5

right atrium

Front 6

heart:oval depression in the interatrial septum. allowed blood to pass from right to left atrium in the fetus.

Back 6

fossa ovalis

Front 7

heart:recieves blood from right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary circuit

Back 7

right ventricle

Front 8

heart:recieves blood from the pulmonary circuit

Back 8

left atrium

Front 9

heart:pumps blood into the systemic circuit, thick walls on this chamber

Back 9

left ventricle

Front 10

heart: prevents backflow into the right atrium during ventricular contraction, possess 3 cusps.

Back 10

right atrioventricular valve

Front 11

heart:prevents backflow during ventricular contraction (bicuspid, mitral)

Back 11

left atrioventricular valve

Front 12

heart:external structure of the heart, increases volume holding capacity of the atrium

Back 12

auricle

Front 13

heart:bands of muscle that project into the ventricle

Back 13

trabeculae carneae

Front 14

heart:fibrous cords attached to the ventricular surface of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves. help prevent eversion of the valves during ventricular systole.

Back 14

chordae tendineae

Front 15

heart:attach chordae tendineae to the trabeculae carneae

Back 15

papillary muscles

Front 16

heart:valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Back 16

pulmonary valve

Front 17

heart:valve between the left ventricle and aorta

Back 17

aortic valve

Front 18

heart: opening in ascending aorta to coronary artery

Back 18

aortic sinus

Front 19

heart:supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium, externally they are visible in the grooves between the atrium and the ventricles and between the ventricles

Back 19

coronary arteries

Front 20

heart:large vein of the coronary circuit returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. located in the groove between the atria and the ventricles on the posterior surface of the heart. enters the right atrium at the opening of the coronary sinus

Back 20

coronary sinus

Front 21

heart: connects the pulmonary artery with the aortic arch

Back 21

ligamentrum arteriosum

Front 22

BV of the pul circuit: recieves deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle

Back 22

pulmonary trunk

Front 23

BV of the pul circuit: branches off of pulmonary trunk. carries deoxygenated blood

Back 23

pulmonary artery

Front 24

BV of the pul circuit: carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Back 24

pulmonary veins

Front 25

Arteris of the S circuit: recieves oxygenated blood from left ventricle

Back 25

aorta

Front 26

arteries of the S. circuit: initial curved portion of the aorta

Back 26

aortic arch

Front 27

arteries of the S. circuit:first branch off aortic arch. carries blood to right arm and right side of head

Back 27

brachiocephalic artery

Front 28

arteries of the S. circuit: second branch off aortic arch. distributes blood to the left side of the head

Back 28

left common carotid artery

Front 29

arteries of the S. circuit: third branch off aortic arch. distributes blood to left arm.

Back 29

left subclavian artery

Front 30

arteries of the S. circuit: branches off brachiocephalic. distributes blood to right side of head. branches into external and internal carotid.

Back 30

right common carotid artery

Front 31

arteries of the S. circuit: distributes blood to right arm.

Back 31

right subclavian artery

Front 32

arteries of the S. circuit:branches off right common carotid. distributes blood to the head. major branches of the external carotids are the: lingual, facial, occipital, and superficial temporal.

Back 32

external carotid artery

Front 33

arteries of the S. circuit: branches off of right common carotid artery. does not branch. goes to brain and distributes blood to the deep arteries of the head.

Back 33

internal carotid artery

Front 34

arteries of the S. circuit:branches off subclavian. passes through transverse foraminaof cervical vertebra. carries blood to the brain.

Back 34

vertebral artery

Front 35

arteries of the S. circuit: continuation of subclavian artery thru axillary region. ends at neck of humerus

Back 35

axillary artery

Front 36

arteries of the S. circuit: continuation of axillary artery down medial side of humerus. ends distal to elbow. used for BP.

Back 36

brachial artery

Front 37

arteries of the S. circuit: is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm.

Back 37

radial artery

Front 38

arteries of the S. circuit: is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm.

Back 38

ulnar artery

Front 39

arteries of the S. circuit: artery superior to diaphragm

Back 39

thoracic aorta

Front 40

arteries of the S. circuit: artery inferior to diaphragm.

Back 40

abdominal aorta

Front 41

arteries of the S. circuit: pair of small arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta. Superior to celiac trunk. Distribute blood to the diaphragm.

Back 41

phrenic arteries

Front 42

arteries of the S. circiut: single sort srterial trunk branching off the aorta just inferior to the diaphragm. distributes blood to the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

Back 42

celiac trunk

Front 43

arteries of the S. circiut: branches off abdominal aorta. Inferior to celiac artery and goes to small intestine.

Back 43

super mesenteric

Front 44

arteries of the S. circiut: paired. inferior to superior mesenteric.

Back 44

renal arteries

Front 45

arteries of the S. circiut: paired, inferior to renal. both come off aorta.

Back 45

gonadal

Front 46

arteries of the S. circiut:inferior to gonadal. distributes blood to the arteries of the left half of the colon and rectum.

Back 46

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 47

arteries of the S. circuit: paired, abdominal aorta splits into left and right common iliac arteries.

Back 47

common iliac arteries

Front 48

arteries of the S. circuit: branch of common iliac artery that distributes blood to arteries of the lower abdominal wall and inferior extremity.

Back 48

external iliac artery

Front 49

arteries of the S. circuit: supplies the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the buttock, the reproductive organs, and the medial compartment of the thigh.

Back 49

internal iliac artery

Front 50

arteries of the S. circuit: continuous with external iliac artery, inferior to groin

Back 50

femoral artery

Front 51

arteries of the S. circuit: continuation of femoral artery that passes posterior to the knee joint

Back 51

popliteal artery

Front 52

arteries of the S. circuit: branch of the popliteal artery that extends the length of the leg anteriorly between the tibia and fibula

Back 52

anterior tibial artery

Front 53

arteries of the S. circuit: larger branch off popliteal artery distributes blood to arteries of leg, ankle and foot.

Back 53

posterior tibial artery

Front 54

arteries of the S. circuit: branch of posterior tibial artery that distributes blood to heel, toes, and foot.

Back 54

peroneal artery or fibular artery

Front 55

veins of the S. circuit: receives deoxygenated blood from the head and delivers it to the right atrium

Back 55

superior vena cava

Front 56

veins of the S. circuit: recieves blood from abdomen and thorax and transports it to superior vena cava. deep and sits on the backbone. right ascending lumbar becomes azygous superior to diaphragm. on the left side of the body called homoizygous vein.

Back 56

azygous vein

Front 57

veins of the S. circuit: two large veins that empty into superior vena cava

Back 57

brachiocephalic

Front 58

veins of the S. circuit: large vein that receives blood from the brain and empties into brachiocephalic

Back 58

internal jugular vein

Front 59

veins of the S. circuit: receives blood from the face and neck

Back 59

external jugular vein

Front 60

veins of the S. circuit: receives blood from neck and superior extremities transporting it to brachiocephalic

Back 60

subclavian vein

Front 61

veins of the S. circuit: deep vein that receives blood from superior extremity and transports it to subclavian

Back 61

axillary vein

Front 62

veins of the S. circuit: superficial vein of lateral arm and forearm. Transports blood to subclavian.

Back 62

cephalic vein

Front 63

veins of the S. circuit: superficial vein of medial arm and foreman. transports blood to axillary vein.

Back 63

basilic vein

Front 64

veins of the S. circuit: superficial vein located anteriorly in elbow region. transports blood to basilic vein.

Back 64

antecubital vein

Front 65

veins of the S. circuit: deep vein of the arm. transports blood to axillary vein.

Back 65

brachial vein

Front 66

veins of the S. circuit: deep vein of the lateral forearm. transports blood to brachial vein.

Back 66

radial vein

Front 67

veins of the S. circuit: deep vein of the medial foreman. transports blood to brachial vein.

Back 67

ulnar vein

Front 68

veins of the S. circuit: large vein that receives deoxygenated blood from veins of the abdominal region, pelvic region and the inferior extremities.

Back 68

inferior vena cava

Front 69

veins of the S. circuit:inferior to diaphragm. transport blood to inferior vena cava.

Back 69

hepatic veins

Front 70

veins of the S. circuit: transports blood from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, stomach and intestines to liver.

Back 70

hepatic portal vein

Front 71

veins of the S. circuit: receive blood from kidneys. transports blood to inferior vena cava.

Back 71

renal veins

Front 72

veins of the S. circuit:transports blood to inferior vena cava.

Back 72

right gonadal vein

Front 73

veins of the S. circuit: transports blood to left renal vein.

Back 73

left gonadal vein

Front 74

veins of the S. circuit: 2 large veins that receive blood from pelvic region and unite to form inferior vena cava.

Back 74

common iliac veins

Front 75

veins of the S. circuit: receives blood from the smaller veins of the pelvic region and transports it to common iliac vein.

Back 75

internal iliac vein

Front 76

veins of the S. circuit: receives blood from the veins of an inferior extremity and transports it to common iliac vein.

Back 76

external iliac vein

Front 77

veins of the S. circuit: superficial vein located on medial side of the thigh and leg. longest vein. transports blood to external iliac.

Back 77

great saphenous vein

Front 78

veins of the S. circuit: deep vein of the thigh. transports blood to external iliac.

Back 78

femoral vein

Front 79

veins of the S. circuit: deep vein of the posterior knee. transports blood to femoral vein.

Back 79

popliteal vein

Front 80

veins of the S. circuit: lateral, superficial vein of the posterior leg. transports blood to popliteal vein.

Back 80

small saphenous vein

Front 81

veins of the S. circuit:deep vein of the anterior leg. transports blood to popliteal vein.

Back 81

anterior tibial vein

Front 82

veins of the S. circuit: deep, medial vein of the posterior leg. transports blood to popliteal vein.

Back 82

posterior tibial vein

Front 83

veins of the S. circuit:deep lateral vein of posterior leg. transports blood to popliteal vein.

Back 83

fibular or peroneal vein

Front 84

layers of vessel walls: lining of blood vessel, composed of endothelium resting on a thin layer of connective tissue. Capillary walls are composed of this layer only.

Back 84

tunica intima

Front 85

layers of vessel walls: middle layer composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers. this layer is thinner in veins than in arteries. this is why veins tend to collapse easily. this layer absent in capillaries.

Back 85

tunica media

Front 86

layers of vessel walls: outermost layer composed of connective tissue.

Back 86

tunica adventitia

Front 87

blood cell: red blood cells. flat binconcave discs with no nucleus. the most numerous type of blood cell.

Back 87

erythrocytes

Front 88

blood cell:most numerous type of leukocyte. slightly larger than erythrocytes with multi-lobed nuclei and small pink or lavender granules in the cytoplasm. spend life wondering the connective tissue killing bacteria, uses phagocytosis and respiratory burst

Back 88

neutrophils

Front 89

blood cell:slightly larger than neutrophils. Usually have bilobed nucleus and large red of orange granules in cytoplasm. are especially found in the mucous membranes, standing guard against parasites. especially concentrated at sites of allergy, inflammation, pr parasitic infection.

Back 89

eosinophils

Front 90

blood cell: least numerous type of leukocyte. about the same size as a neutrophil with dark blue granules in the cytoplasm. secrete chemicals that aid in the mobility and action of other leukocytes. secretes heparin(anticoagulant) and histamine(vasodialater)

Back 90

basophils

Front 91

blood cell: about the same size as an RBC. large round nucleus that fills most of the cell. 3 catagories: NK, T, B,

Back 91

lymphocytes

Front 92

blood cell: largest leukocyte, twice the size of an RBC. Nucleus appears bean shaped. are leukocytes that emigrate from the blood into the connective tissue and transform into macrophages.

Back 92

monocyte

Front 93

blood cell: small, darkly stained fragments. coagulates blood.

Back 93

platelet