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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interventricular Septum |
Wall between ventricles of heart. |
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Intercalated Discs |
Connect muscle cells and contain gap junctions that directly connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for coordinated ventricular contraction. |
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Vagus Nerve |
Provides parasympathetic signals to slow down contractility of cardiac muscle. |
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Systole |
Ventricular contraction and closure of AV valves to pump blood out of ventricles. |
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Diastole |
Where heart is relaxed, semilunar valves are closed, and blood from atria fills ventricles. |
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Cardiac Output |
Total blood volume pumped by a ventricle in one minute. Equals Heart Rate times Stroke Volume (volume pumped per beat). |
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Endothelial Cells |
Line blood vessels and release chemicals to aid in vasodilation and vasoconstriction. |
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Portal Systems |
Where blood passes through two capillary beds in series before returning to heart. |
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Hepatic Portal System |
Blood leaving capillary beds in walls of gut pass through before reaching capillary beds in liver. |
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Hypophyseal Portal System |
Blood leaving capillary beds in hypothalamus travel through to capillary bed in anterior pituitary to allow for paracrine secretion of hormones. |
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Renal Portal System |
Blood leaving glomerulus travels through before surrounding nephron via vasa recta. |
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Hematocrit |
Measurement of how much of blood sample consists of red blood cells in percentage. |
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Thrombocytes |
Also known as platelets. Cell fragments or shards released from megakaryocytes to assist in blood clotting. |
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Hematopoiesis |
Production of blood cells and platelets. |
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Erythropoietin |
Stimulates red blood cell development, secreted by kidney. |
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Thrombopoietin |
Secreted by liver and kidney, stimulates platelet development. |
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Sphygmomanometer |
Measures gauge pressure in systemic circulation, or pressure above and beyond atmospheric pressure. Or, measure of force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessels. |
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Oxygen Saturation |
Percentage of hemoglobin molecules carrying oxygen. |
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Cooperative Binding |
Form of allosteric regulation where the first binding substrate causes a conformational shift that makes it easier for more substrate to bind, and has a similar effect for leaving. Creates a sigmoidal dissociation curve. |
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Hydrostatic Pressure |
Force per unit area that blood exerts against vessel walls. |
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Osmotic/Oncotic Pressure |
Sucking pressure generated by solutes as they attempt to draw water into the bloodstream. |
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Starling Forces |
Balance of osmotic and hydrostatic pressures that is essential for maintaining proper fluid volumes and solute concentrations inside and outside of the vasculature. |
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Clots |
Composed of coagulation factors and platelets, they prevent blood loss. |
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Coagulation Factors |
Secreted by liver, sense tissue factors exposed in damaged endothelium and initiate an activation cascade. |
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Prothrombin |
Activated via cascade to form thrombin by thromboplastin. |
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Thrombin |
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin. |
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Fibrin |
Forms small fibers that aggregate into a woven structure that captures red blood cells and other platelets. |
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Plasmin |
Breaks down the clot, and is generated from plasminogen. |
