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89 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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cardiovascular system |
a continuous circular body system that includes the heart and the vascular structures. also known as the circulatory system The purpose of the cardiovascular system is to move(circulate) blood to every part of the body as it transport oxygen,carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste |
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cardiovascular |
cardi/o- heart vascul/o- blood vessel -ar pertaining to |
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vascular |
blood vessels such as arteries,capillaries and veins vascul/o- blood vessel -ar pertaining to |
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circulatory |
circulat/o- movement in a circular route -ory having the function of |
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cardiac |
cardi/o- heart -ac pertaining to |
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atrium |
the two small upper chambers of the heart atrium- singular noun atria- plural noun |
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ventricle |
the two lower chambers of the heart |
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ventricular |
ventricul/o- ventricle(lower heart chamber; chamber in the brain -al pertaining to |
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septum |
central wall that divides the heart into right and left sides |
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septal |
sept/o- septum(dividing wall) -al pertaining to |
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valvular |
valvul/o- valve -ar pertaining to |
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tricuspid valve |
between the right atrium and right ventricle. it has three triangular cusps. as the right atrium contracts the tricuspid valve opens to allow blood flow into the right ventrical |
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pulmonary valve |
between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. as the right ventricle contracts the pulmonary valve opens to allow blood to flow into the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries |
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mitral valve(bicuspid valve) |
between the left atrium and left ventricle. it has two cusps. as the left atrium contracts the mitral valve opens to allow blood to flow into the left ventricle |
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aortic valve |
between the left ventricle and the aorta. as the left ventricle contracts the aortic valve opens to allow blood to flow into the aorta |
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myocardium |
the muscular layer of the heart. it is composed of cardiac muscle my/-o muscle cardi/o- heart -um a structure; period of time |
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myocardial |
my/o- muscle cardi/o- heart -al pertaining to |
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endocardium |
innermost layer of cells that lines the atria, ventricles, and heart valves endo- innermost; within cardi/o- heart -um a structure; period of time |
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myocardium |
muscular layer of the heart my/o- muscle cardi/o- heart -um a structure; period of time |
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pericardium |
outermost layer. this membrane surrounds the heart as the pericardial sac and secretes pericardial fluid. The pericardial sac is U-shaped and the heart is within the U |
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Visceral |
large internal organs viscer/o- large internal organs -al pertaining to |
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epicardium |
the part of the membrane that is next to the surface of the heart; because it is upon the heart epi- upon; above cardi/o- heart -um a structure; period of time |
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parietal pericardium |
part that is the is the outer wall of pericardial sac pariet/o- wall of the cavity -al pertaining to peri- around cardi/o- heart -um a structure; period of time |
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thoracic |
thorac/o-thorax (chest) -ic pertaining to |
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mediastinum |
an irregularly shaped central area between the lungs. It contains the heart and parts of the great vessels(aorta, superior vena cava , inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and veins |
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vasculature |
refers to the blood vessels associated with a particular organ vascul/o- blood vessels -ature system composed of |
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endothelium |
a smooth inner layer that promotes the flow of blood; blood vessels are lined with this endo- innermost; within theli/o- cellular layer -um a structure; period of time |
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arterial |
arteri/o- artery -al pertaining to |
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arterioles |
arteri/o- artery ole- small thing |
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Arteries |
large blood vessels that branch into smaller arteries known as arterioles - all arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body or to the lungs -all arteries carry bright red blood that has a high level of oxygen with the exception of the pulmonary arteries from the heart to the lungs. they carry dark red-purple blood that has a low level of oxygen |
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vasoconstriction |
when the smooth muscle contract, the lumen of the artery decreases in size and the pressure of the blood in the artery increases vas/o- blood vessel constrict/o- drawn together; narrowed -ion action; condition |
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vasodilation |
when the smooth muscle relaxes , the lumen of the artery increases in size, and the pressure of the blood in the artery dicreases |
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capillary |
capill/o- hairlike structure;capillary -ary pertaining to |
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capillaries |
-are the smallest blood vessels in the body - capillaries are the connecting structures between arterioles and venules |
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venules |
small veins combined to to form a large vein ven/o- vein -ules small thing |
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veins |
-all veins carry blood from the body and lungs to the heart -all veins carry dark red-purple blood that has a low level of oxygen -the exception is the pulmonary veins from the lugs back to the heart, they carry bright red blood that has just picked up oxygen in the lungs -the largest veins have valves that keep the blood flowing in one direction-back to the heart |
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aorta |
-the largest artery in the body -it receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart |
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ascending aorta |
travels from the heart in a superior direction |
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coronary arteries |
branch off directly from the ascending aorta |
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coronary |
coron/o- structure that encircles like a crown -ary pertaining to |
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brachial |
brings oxygenated blood to the upper arm brachi/o- arm -al pertaining to |
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pulmonary arteries |
they carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs(purple) |
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superior vena cava |
carries blood from the head, neck,arm,and chest to the right atrium |
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inferior vena cava |
carries blood from the abdomen,pelvis,and legs, to the right atrium |
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portal vein |
carries blood from the intestines to the liver |
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circulation |
circulat/o- movement in a circular route -ion condition; action |
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systemic circulation |
arteries,arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins everywhere in the body but the lungs |
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pulmonary circulation |
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins going to, within, and coming from the lungs |
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cardiopulmonary |
reflects the close connection between the heart and the lungs cardi/o- heart pulmon/o- lung -ary pertaining to |
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sinoatrial node(SA node) |
is the pacemaker of the heart. It initiates the electrical impulse that begins each heartbeat |
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systal |
a contraction |
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diastole |
the resting period between contractions |
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systolic |
systol/o- contracting -ic pertaining to |
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diastolic |
diastol/o- dialating -ic pertaining to |
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accute coronary syndrome |
syndrome that includes acute ischemia of the myocardium(because of a blood clot) |
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ischemia |
isch/o- keep back; block -emia condition of the blood |
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angina pectoris |
-mild to severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium -atherosclerosis blocks the flow of oxygenated blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium |
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anginal |
anginal pain is crushing angin/o- angina -al pertaining to |
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cardiomegaly |
enlargement of the heart, usually due to congestive heart failure |
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cardiomyopathy |
any disease condition of the heart muscle that includes heart enlargement and heart failure |
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congestive heart failure(CHF) |
inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood -it is caused by coronary artery disease or hypertension -during early CHF the myocardium undergoes hypertrophy |
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hypertrophy |
hyper/o- above; more than normal -trophy process of development |
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right sided CHF |
the right ventricle is unable to adequately pump blood blood back up in the superior vena cava causing jugular venous distention |
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left sided CHF |
the left ventricle is unable to adequately pump blood blood backs up into the lungs causing pulmonary congestion and edema that can be seen on a chest x-ray |
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myocardial infarction(MI) |
-death of myocardial cells due to severe ischemia -the flow of oxygenated blood in a coronary artery is blocked by a blood clot or atherosclerosis -also known as a heart attack |
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infarction |
infarct/o- area of dead tissue -ion action; condition |
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necrosis |
necr/o- dead cells, tissue, or body -osis condition; abnormal condition; process |
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endocarditis |
inflammation and bacterial infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve endo- innermost ; within cardi/o- heart -itis inflammation of ; infection of |
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pericarditis |
inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac with an excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid peri-around card/i- heart -itis inflammation of ; infection of |
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arrhythmia |
any type of irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart also know as dysrhythmia a- away from;without rrhythm/o- rhythm -ia condition;state;thing |
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dysrhythmia |
dys- painful;difficult;abnormal rhythm/o- rhythm -ia condition; state; thing |
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bradycardia |
arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly |
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fibrillation |
arrhythmia in which there is a very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium fibrill/o- muscle fiber; nerve fiber -ation a process; being or having |
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tachycardia |
arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm(up to 200 beat/min) |
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asystole |
-complete absence of a heartbeat -also known as cardiac arest a- away from; without -systole contraction |
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aneurysm |
area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery |
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arteriosclerosis |
progressive degenerative changes that produce a narrowed hardened artery arteri/o- artery scler/o- hard -osis condition; abnormal condition; process |
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atheroma |
ather/o- soft, fatty substance -oma mass; tumor |
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artherosclerosis |
as plaque grows on an artery wall it makes the lumen narrower and narrower ather/o- soft, fatty substance scler/o- hard -osis condition; abnormal condition; process |
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coronary artery disease(CAD) |
arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries -they are filled with atheromatous plaque and their narrowed lumens cannot carry enough oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
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hyperlipidemia |
elevated levels of lipids in the blood -lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides -hypercholesterolemia is an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood -hypertriglyceridemia is an elevated level of triglycerides in the blood |
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hypertension(HTN) |
elevated blood pressure -a normal blood pressure in an adult is less than 120/80 mm Hg |
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hypotenstion |
blood pressure less than 90/60 mm Hg -usually because of loss of blood colume |
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phlebitis |
inflammation of a vein, usually accompanied by infection |
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peripheral artery disease |
atherosclerosis of the arteries in the leg |
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peripheral vascular disease |
any disease of the arteries of the extremeties |
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varicose veins |
damaged or incompetent valves in a vein that allow blood to flow backward and collect in the preceding section of vein |
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thrombophlebitis |
a phlebitis with the formation of a thrombus(blood clot) |
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