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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
angina pectoris
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pain and pressure in the chest caused by a lack of proper blood flow and oxygenation to the heart muscle
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Arrhythmia
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Irregular heartbeats resulting from a malfunction in the conduction system
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Arteriosclerosis
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A disease of the arterial vessels resulting from thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walss
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artherosclerosis
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a form of artheriosclerosis resulting from cholsterol-lipid calcium deposits in the walls of the arteries
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Conjestive heart failure (CHF)
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a condition in whic the heart is unable to pum the amounts of blood needed to meet the requirements of the body
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Coronory artery disease (CAD)
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A term used to describe blood vessels disorders that affect the coronary arteries:
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Hyperlipidemia
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high or excessive amounts of lipid (fat) in the blood that leads to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
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Hypertension
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high blood pressure: considered to be >140/90 mm Hg over several readings
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myocardial infarction
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an even in which part of the heart muscle dies because of an interuption or cessation of blood flow
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prehypertensive state
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BP in the range of 120/80 to 140/90
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thrombosis
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the formation of a blood clot within the vascular system
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name conditions that can lead to hypertension?
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heart condition
hyperthyroidism kidney conditions |
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name risk factors that can lead to hypertension?
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primary: genetic, age, gender, race
secondary: lifestyle, diet, anxiety, alcohol consumption, sodium intake |
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what is drug action of bile acid sequestrants?
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bile acid sequestrants increase the loss of LDL through increased defacation.
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bile acid sequestrant
cholstryamine |
Questran
route: po (powder) dose: 4g qd or bid action: bile acid sequestrants increase the loss of LDL through increased defacation. >>constipation, flatulence do not chew or crush tablets Tk ac |
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bile acid sequestrant
colestipol |
Colestid
route: po dose: 5-30 q qd (may be given in divided doses) action: bile acid sequestrants increase the loss of LDL through increased defacation. >>constipation, flatulence do not chew or crush tablets Tk ac |
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What are HMG-COA reductase inhibitors referred to as?
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the HMG-COA reductase inhibitors are referred to as statins.
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Name drug action of statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins inhibit an enzyme responsable for one of the first steps in the overall conversion of fats into cholesterol
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what is the overall effect of statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
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statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors raise the rate of HDL and lower the LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels.
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
lovastatin |
Mevacor
ind: antihyperlipidemic route: po dose: 10-80 mg qd in single or divided doses action: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins inhibit an enzyme responsable for one of the first steps in the overall conversion of fats into cholesterol >>photosensitivity, GI upset Tk c meals |
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HGA-CoA reductase inhibitors
simvastatin |
Zocor
ind: antihyperlipidemic action: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins inhibit an enzyme responsable for one of the first steps in the overall conversion of fats into cholesterol route: po dose: 5-40 mg qd |
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HGA-CoA reductase inhibitor
pravastatin |
Pravachol
ind: antihyperlipidemic action: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins inhibit an enzyme responsable for one of the first steps in the overall conversion of fats into cholesterol route: po dose: 10-40 mg qhs >>photosensitivity |
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HGA-CoA reductase inhibitor
atrovastatin |
Lipitor
ind: antihyperlipidemic action: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins inhibit an enzyme responsable for one of the first steps in the overall conversion of fats into cholesterol route: po dose: 10-80 mg qd >>photosensitivity |
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Name drug action of fibric acid antihyperlipidemics?
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fibric acid antihyperlipidemics work by inhibiting the extraction of free fatty acids, which reduces the liver's ability to produce triglicerides. this agent also increases HDL.
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fibric acid antihyperlipidemic
gemfibrozil |
Lopid
route: po dose: 600 mg po bid before morning and evening meals action: fibric acid antihyperlipidemics work by inhibiting the extraction of free fatty acids, which reduces the liver's ability to produce triglicerides. this agent also increases HDL. >>dizziness, blurred vision |
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miscellaneous antihyperlipidemic
nicotinic acid |
Niaspan (legend)
Niacin (OTC) [read package insert for dose] route: po dose: 1-2g tid c meals or pc >>photosensitivity |
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name drug action of antiarrhythmic agents
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all antiarrhythmic agents work on the conduction system in the heart to produce regular heartbeats.
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antiarrhythmic agent
quinidine sulfate, quinidine gluconate |
Quinidex (po)
Quinalan (IV) ind: tacycardia and other arryhthmias route: po, IV dose: 200-300 mg tid to qid action: all antiarrhythmic agents work on the conduction system in the heart to produce regular heartbeats. >>GI upset do not crush or chew sustained-release tablets Tk c food Tk utd |
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ATTENTION: explain the difference between quinine and quinidine
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quinine: antimalarial agent
quinidine: cardiac aget |
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antiarrhythmic agent
procainamide |
Pronestyl
route: po, IM, IV action: slow down the speed of heart conduction ind: tachycardia and other arrhythmias inj form used in life threatening tachycardia events. dose: tbd by dr. based on weight and age of patient Tk utd |
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antiarrhythmic agent
diospyramide |
Norplace
route: po, inj action: slows down the heart, inj form used in life-threatening tachycardias dose: 100-200mg q6h or 300-SR q12h >>dry mouth, dizziness, difficulty urinating, constipation, blurred vision Do not break or chew tablet Tk utd |
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antiarrhythmic agent
lidocaine |
Xylocaine
ind: acute mgmt of ventricular arrhythmias route: inj, IV dose: for IV, 50-100 mg at a rate of 25 to 50 mg/minute kept in ER crash carts. used in code blue situations. |
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name common treatment options available to Americans suffering from CHF?
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digoxin and diuretics.
diuretics releive edema often associated with CHF |
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explain the 4 steps of controlling HBP?
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step 1: weight reduction
ACE inhibitors Beta-blockers Calcium channel blockers Diuretics step 2: adrenergic blockers step 3: vasodilators |
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Angiotensin converting enzyme agent (ACE Inhibitor)
enalapril |
Vasotec
ind: mild to severe HTN action: ACE inhibitors reduce BP by causing a decrease of pressure in the arteries. route: po, IV dose: 10-40 mg qd or bid prf HTN Tk utd >>HA, hypotension, nausea, vomiting |
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Angiotensin converting enzyme agent
ACE inhibitors lisinopril |
Prinivil, Zestril
ind: hypertension action: ACE inhibitors reduce BP by causing a decrease of pressure in the arteries. route: po dose: 20-40 mg qd or bid >>HA, hypotension, nausea, vomiting |
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Angiotensin converting enzyme agents
ACE inhibitors benazepril |
Lotensin
ind: hypertension action: ACE inhibitors reduce BP by causing a decrease of pressure in the arteries. route: po dose: 20-40 mg qd or bid >>HA, hypotension, nausea, vomiting |
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angiotensin converting enzyme agents
ACE inhibitors captopril |
Capoten
ind: HTN action: ACE inhibitors reduce BP by causing a decrease of pressure in the arteries. route: po dose: 25 mg bid or tid Tk ac >>HA, hypotension, nausea, vomiting |
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angiotension converting enzyme agents
ACE inhibitors fosinopril |
Monopril
ind: hypertension route: po action: ACE inhibitors reduce BP by causing a decrease of pressure in the arteries. dose: 20-40 mg qd Tk ac >>HA, hypotension, nausea, vomiting |
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angiotensin II receptor antagonist
losartan |
Cozaar
ind: HBP action: inhibit the affects of angiotensin II receptors located in vascular muscle which reduces BP via antagonistic effects on vasoconstriction route: po dose: 50mg qd Tk utd |
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Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
valsartan |
Diovan
ind: HBP action: inhibit the affects of angiotensin II receptors located in vascular muscle which reduces BP via antagonistic effects on vasoconstriction route: po dose: 80-320mg qd Tk utd |
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beta-blocking agents
atenolol |
Tenormin
ind: HTN, angina pectoris, after MI action: block various enzymes that can cause HBP, including epinephrine route: po, IV dose: 50 mg qd Tk utd those with asthma or respiratory problems should take beta-1 specific agents as beta-2 agents can affect respiratory function. >>dizziness, hypotension, diarrhea |
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beta-blocking agents
propranolol |
Inderal
ind: HTN, angina, arrhythmias and migraines action: block various enzymes that can cause HBP, including epinephrine route: po, IV dose: for hypertension 40mg bid Tk utd those with asthma or respiratory problems should take beta-1 specific agents as beta-2 agents can affect respiratory function. >>dizziness, hypotension, diarrhea |
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beta-blocking agents
metoprolol |
Lopressor
ind: hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias route: po, IV action: block various enzymes that can cause HBP, including epinephrine dose: po 100-450 mg bid or tid Tk utd those with asthma or respiratory problems should take beta-1 specific agents as beta-2 agents can affect respiratory function. >>dizziness, hypotension, diarrhea |
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beta-blocking agent
pindolol |
Visken
ind: hypertension route: po action: block various enzymes that can cause HBP, including epinephrine dose: max. of 60 mg qd Tk utd those with asthma or respiratory problems should take beta-1 specific agents as beta-2 agents can affect respiratory function. >>dizziness, hypotension, diarrhea |
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beta-blocking agent
acebutolol |
Sectral
ind: hypertension, ventricular arrhythmias route: po action: block various enzymes that can cause HBP, including epinephrine dose: 400-800mg qd Tk utd those with asthma or respiratory problems should take beta-1 specific agents as beta-2 agents can affect respiratory function. >>dizziness, hypotension, diarrhea |
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calcium channel blockers
diltaziem |
Carziem CD
ind: angina pectoris, chronic stable angina, essential hypertension action: decrease calcium intake by the heart and blood vessels resulting in slowed heart rate, and reduced stress on heart muscle route: po, IV dose: po for HTN, 180-360 mg qd in divided doses tid or qid Tk utd do not crush or chew extended release tablets >>dizzy, drowsy, blurred vision |
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calcium channel blockers
nifedipine |
Procardia, Adalat
ind: chronic stable angina, HTN action: decrease calcium intake by the heart and blood vessels resulting in slowed heart rate, and reduced stress on heart muscle route: po dose: for HTN 30 or 60 mg qd Tk utd do not chew or break extended release tablets >>dizzy, drowsy, blurred vision |
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calcium channel blockers
verapamil |
Calan, Isoptin
ind: angina, chronic atrial flutter, or fibrillation, essential hypertension action: decrease calcium intake by the heart and blood vessels resulting in slowed heart rate, and reduced stress on heart muscle dose: po for HTN 80mg tid; for SR formulation 120mg or 240mg qd Tk c food Tk utd >>dizzy, drowsy, blurred vision |
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calcium channel blockers
amlodipine |
Norvasc
ind: HTN, chronic stable angina, variant angina action: decrease calcium intake by the heart and blood vessels resulting in slowed heart rate, and reduced stress on heart muscle route: po dose: for HTN, 5-10 mg qd Tk utd >>dizzy, drowsy, blurred vision |
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calcium channel blocker
felodipine |
Plendil
ind: HTN action: decrease calcium intake by the heart and blood vessels resulting in slowed heart rate, and reduced stress on heart muscle route: po dose: 2.5 to 10 mg qd Tk utd do not crush or chew tablet >>dizzy, drowsy, blurred vision |
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name agents commonly used to treat anginal attacks?
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nitrates, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers
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anticoagulant
heparin |
Liquaemin
ind: decrease clotting factor in blood route: IV, SC (only inj forms) >>possible hemmorhage (prethrombin time (PT) tests must be done to monitor how long it takes the blood to form clots when on this medication antidote: phtonadione inj (vit K) |
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anticogulant
warfarin |
Coumadin
ind: reduce clotting factor of blood route: po, IV >>possible hemmorhage; prethrombin time (PT) tests must be done to monitor how long it takes the blood to form clots when on this medication antidote: phtonadione inj (vit K) |
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antiplatelet agent
aspirin |
aspirin
ind: reduce the arterial thrombi of blood route: po dose: 81 to 325 mg qd action: work mainly on arterial thrombi which are made of platelet aggregates |
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antiplatlet agent
dipyridamole |
Persantine
ind: reduce the arterial thrombi of blood action:work mainly on arterial thrombi which are made of platelet aggregates dose: 75 to 100 mg qid route: po |
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antiplatelet agent
ticlopidine |
Ticlid
ind: reduce the arterial thrombi of blood action: work mainly on arterial thrombi which are made of platelet aggregates route: po dose: 250 mg bid with food |
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antiplatelet agent
clopidogrel |
Plavix
ind: reduce the arterial thrombi of blood action: work mainly on arterial thrombi which are made of platelet aggregates route: po dose 75 mg qd |
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thrombolytic
streptokinase |
Streptase
ind: thrombolism action: enzyme extracted from bacteria destroys clots after they are formed used in ER dept ASAP after MI to break up clot |
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thrombolytic
urokinase |
Abbokinase
ind: thrombolism action: lytic agent retrieved from a human protein that reduces thrombolism |
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thrombolytic
alteplase |
Activase, tPA
ind: thrombolism action: natural enzyme that is normally produced by body to dissolve blood clots >$1000/dose |