Cardiovascular System

Front 1

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

Back 1

The groove between the right and left ventricles on the front of the heart.

Front 2

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus

Back 2

The groove between the right and left ventricles on the back of the heart.

Front 3

Atrioventricular Sulcus

Back 3

The groove that separates the atria from the ventricles.

Front 4

Myocardium

Back 4

The middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle.

Front 5

Endocardium

Back 5

The innermost layer of the heart wall, composed of endothelium (single layer of flat cells) and connective tissue.

Front 6

Epicardium

Back 6

The outer surface of the heart.

Front 7

Interventricular Septum

Back 7

The wall that separates the right and left ventricles within the heart.

Front 8

Interatrial Septum

Back 8

The wall that separates the right and left atria within the heart. There's a hole in it during fetal development so blood can flow freely and closes during delivery.

Front 9

Ventricle Septal Defect (VSD)

Back 9

A hole in the interventricular septum

Front 10

Atrioventricular Septum

Back 10

The wall that separates the atria from the ventricles.

Front 11

Tricuspid Valve

Back 11

The valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium and into the right ventricle.

Front 12

Bicuspid Valve

Back 12

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Front 13

Chordae Tendineae

Back 13

Strings attached to the free edge of cups and the wall of the ventricle.

Front 14

Papillary Muscle

Back 14

Where chordea Tendineae anchor on the ventricular wall

Front 15

Pulmonary Trunk

Back 15

Originates from the right ventricle and branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs

Front 16

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Back 16

Lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Prevents back flow of blood

Front 17

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Back 17

Lies between the aorta and the left ventricle

Prevents back flow of blood

Front 18

Normal blood pathway

Back 18

PULMONARY CIRCUIT:

Vena cava

Right atrium

Tricuspid Valve

Right ventricle

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Pulmonary Trunk

Lungs

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT:

Pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Bicuspid Valve

Left ventricle

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Aorta

Body

Front 19

Inferior Vena Cava

Back 19

All used blood below heart is collected

Front 20

Superior Vena Cava

Back 20

All used blood above heart, including arms

Front 21

Cardiac cycle

Back 21

1) atrial contraction

2) ventricle contraction

3) cardiac relaxation

Systole= contraction

Diastole= relaxation

Front 22

Pulse pressure

Back 22

Systolic pressure -diastolic pressure = pulse pressure

SP-DP=PP

Front 23

Mean arterial pressure

Back 23

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure = MAP

Front 24

End diastolic volume

Back 24

Amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of relaxation

Front 25

End systolic volume

Back 25

Amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of a contraction

Front 26

Stroke volume

Back 26

Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle in one contraction

End diastolic volume - end systolic volume = stroke volume

Front 27

Ejection fraction

Back 27

Proportion of end diastolic volume that gets ejected

Stroke volume / end diastolic volume = ejection fraction

Front 28

Cardiac output

Back 28

Amount of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 minute

Stroke volume x Heart rate = cardiac output

Front 29

Pulmonary congestion

Back 29

When blood pools in the pulmonary vessels

Front 30

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 30

High blood pressure in the pulmonary vessels

Front 31

Pulmonary edema

Back 31

Water leaks out of the blood and into lung tissue, causes trouble breathing

Front 32

Systemic venous congestion

Back 32

Blood starts pooling in the systemic veins

Front 33

Systemic venous hypertension

Back 33

High blood pressure in systemic veins

Front 34

Systemic edema

Back 34

Water is forced out of blood and extremities swell

Front 35

Atrial fibrillation

Back 35

Absence of p wave, atria are quivering

Front 36

Sinoatrial node

Back 36

Found on back wall of right atrium

Cells spontaneously develop an action potential and cause atria to contract and signals AV node

Front 37

Atrioventricular node

Back 37

On the floor of the right atrium and on top of interventricular septum

AV bundle forks to bundle branches until it gets to the smallest fibers called purkinje fibers which connect to to ventricle muscles and ventricles contract

Front 38

Vagus nerve

Back 38

Connects to SV and AV nodes and inhibits the nodes; slows the heart

Front 39

Accelerator nerve

Back 39

Connects to SV and AV nodes and causes the heart to beat faster

Front 40

Artery

Back 40

Carries blood away from the heart

Walls are strong and elastic because of high pressure

Front 41

Tunica externa

Back 41

Outermost tunic of arteries

Made up of connective tissue

Front 42

Tunica media

Back 42

Middle tunic of artery

Made up of smooth muscle tissue

Front 43

Tunica interna

Back 43

Inner most tunic of artery

Made up of elastic tissue and endothelium

Front 44

Arterioles

Back 44

Microscopic branches of arteries

Front 45

Capillary

Back 45

Smallest of the vessels

Wall is only endothelium and is fenestrated (holes)

Front 46

Venule

Back 46

Collects blood from capillaries to veins

Front 47

Vein

Back 47

Carries blood towards heart

Thinner and less elastic than arteries

Front 48

Muscular pumps

Back 48

Skeletal muscle squeezes vein and forces blood through the valves within the vein

Especially in arms and legs

Front 49

Thoracoabdominal pump

Back 49

Inhaling creates a vacuum in your chest that draws blood up the Vena cava.