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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the gerontologic differences in assessment concerning the cardiovascular system?
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-amount of collagen in heart increases and elastin decreases.
-Decrease in Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume caused by decreased contractility and Heart Rate response to increased stress. -Cardiac valves become thicker and stiffer from lipid accumulation, degeneration of collagen, and fibrosis. (aortic & mitral are most often affected - which means there could be regurgitation of blood when the valve should be closed or narrowing of the orifice of the valve when it should be open) blood flow across the affected valve is a murmur. -The number of pacemaker cells in the SA node decrease with age. -Decreases in number of conduction cells in AV node, the bundle of His, and the bundle branches with age. -autonomic nervous system is altered with age -The # and function of B-adrenergic receptors in the heart decreases with age.(decreased response to physical and emotional stress but also is less sensitive to B-adrenergic agonist drugs.) -Aterial blood vessels thicken and become less elastic -increase in systolic and diastolic BP -HYPERTENSION IS NOT NORMAL AND SHOULD BE TREATED |
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Assessment
What subjective data would you get from the patient? |
Past Medical History
Medications Surgery or other treatments Functional Health Pattern |
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What are cardiovascular risk factors?
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-Elevated serum lipids
-Hypertension -Tobacco use -Sedentary lifestyle -Obesity (stressful lifestyle and diabetes mellitus should also be investigated) |
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Assessment
What would you do to obtain objective data from your patient? |
-VITAL SIGNS!!! (should not increase more than 20bpm from supine to standing position. obtain baseline BP in BOTH ARMS)
-Peripheral Vascular System -Inspection (look at color,hair distribution, venous pattern. check for edema, thrombphlebitis, clubbing of nail beds, variscosities and lesions.) -Palpation for temp., moisture, pulse, & edema. check bilaterally. (rigidity(hardness) of the vessel should be noted) -Auscilation- listen for bruit (humming or buzzing) thru a steth. over the vessel that is narrowed or bulging. |
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what is a thrill?
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a palpable vibration
a narrowed or bulging vessel will vibrate |
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What is a bounding pulse?
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Sharp, brisk, pounding
possible etiology: Hyperkenetics state (anxiety, fear) |
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What is a thready pulse?
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Weak,slowly rising pulse, easily obliterated by pressure.
possible etiology: blood loss, decreased cardiac output, peripheral artery disease |
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What is an irregular pulse?
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regularly or irregularly irregular, skipped beats
possible etiology: Cardiac dysrhythmias |
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What are the 4 cardiac auscultatory areas?
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Aortic area
Pulmonic Area Tricuspid Area Mitral Area |
