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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aneurysm
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localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, introducing the risk of a rupture. An aneurysm may rupture, causing hemorrhage, or thrombi may form in the dilation and give rise to emboli that may obstruct smaller vessels
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Arrhythmia
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irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia.
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Arteriosclerosis
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thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls. Arteriosclerosis results in altered function of tissues and organs; also called hardening of the arteries.
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atherosclerosis
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most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by an accumulation of fatty substances within the walls of the arteries causing partial and eventually total occlusion
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Bruit
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soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood blow.
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Coronary artery disease
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abnormal condition that may affect the hearts arteries and produce various pathological effects, especially the reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The most common kind of coronary artery disease is coronary atherosclerosis, now the leading cause of death in the Western world.
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Deep vein thrombosis
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formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most frequently in the iliac and femoral veins.
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Embolus
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mass of undissolved matter present in a blood or lymphatic vessel brought there by the blood or lymph current. Emboli may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Occlusion of vessels from emboli usually results in the development of infarcts.
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fibrillation
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irregular, random contraction of heart fibers. Fibrillation commonly occurs in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation.
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Heart Failure
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condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues. (HF) includes myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. It also may be caused by the dysfunction of organs other than the heart, especially the lungs, kidneys, and liver. The term heart failure (HF) is currently replacing the term congestive heart failure (CHF)
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Hypertension
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consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than normal causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart.
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Ischemia
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a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow. See the ischemic area of an occluded coronary artery. Some causes of ischemia are arterial embolism, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vasoconstriction.
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood.
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murmur
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abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart.
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Myocardial infarction
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necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries also called heart attack.
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patent ductus arteriosus
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failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
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Raynaud phenomenon
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numbness in fingers or toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin.
This condition is typically caused by exposure to cold temperatures or emotional stress. It also may be an idicator of some other more serious problem. |
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Rheumatic heart disease
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streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most often seen in children and young adults.
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Stroke
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Damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply, commonly caused by blockage of an artery. Bleeding within brain tissue is another cause of strokes.
When the affected brain cells are deprived of oxygen, they cease to function. Movement, vision, and speech may be impaired; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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transient ischemic attack
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temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing no permanent brain damage.
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varicose veins
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swollen, distended veins caused by incompetent venous valves; most often seen in the lower legs.
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases; also called AIDS.
HIV is transmitted from person to person in cell rich body fluids (notably blood and semen) through sexual contact, sharing of contaminated needles (as by intravenous drug abusers), or other contact with contaminated blood (as in accidental needle sticks among health care workers). |
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Hodgkin disease
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malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, usually first evident in cervical lymph nodes, splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed- Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes.
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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malignancy of connective tissue including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue.
Kaposi sarcoma is closely associated with AIDS and is commonly fatal because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs |
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lymphadenitis
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inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection.
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mononucleosis
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acute infection caused by the epstein- Barr virus (EBV) characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes.
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non - Hodgkin lymphoma
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any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma.
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Cardiac Catheterization
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insertion of a small tube (catheter) through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach), which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart.
A contrast medium also may be injected and x-rays taken (angiography). This procedure can identify and assess accurately many conditions, including congenital heart disease, valvular incompetence, blood supply, and myocardial infarction. |
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Cardiac enzyme studies
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battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage.
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echocardiography
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ultrasound, also called ultrasonography, to visualize internal cardiac structures and motion of the heart.
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Holter monitor
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monitoring device worn on the patient for making prolonged electrocardiograph recordings (usually 24 hour) on a portable tape recorder while conductive normal daily activities.
Holter monitoring is particularly useful in obtaining a record of cardiac arrhythmia that would not be discovered by means of an ECG of only a few minutes' duration. Also the patient may keep an activity diary to compare daily events with electrocardiograph tracings |
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Stress Test
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method of evaluating CV fitness. WHile exercising, usually on a treadmill, the individual is subjected to steadily increasing levels of work. At the same time, the amount of oxygen consumed is measured while an ECG is administered.
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Troponin I
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blood tests that measures protein that is released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (but not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive and specific indicator of recent MI.
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ultrasonography
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imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (US) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue. Ultrasonic echoes are recorded and interpreted by a computer, which produces a detailed image of the organ or tissue being evaluated.
Doppler ultrasonography measures blood flow in blood vessels. It allows the examiner to hear characteristic alterations in blood flow caused by vessel obstruction in various parts of an extremity. |
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Bone marrow aspiration
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removal of living tissue, usually taken from the sternum or iliac crest, for microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue.
Evaluates hematopoisis by revealing the number, shape, and size of the red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) and platelet precursors. |
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lymphangiography
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radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium. Lymphangiography is used to show the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region.
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tissue typing
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technique for determining the histocompatibility of tissues to be used in grafts and transplants with the recipient's tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing
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angioplasty
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any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow. The blocked vessel is usually opened by balloon dilation.
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Coronary artery bypass graft
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surgery that involves bypassing one or more blocked coronary arteries to increase blood flow. Cardiac catheterization is used to identify blocked coronary arteries. After the blockages are identified, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is often performed. The operation involves the use of one or more of the patient's arteries or veins. Generally, the saphenous vein from the leg or the right or left internal mammary artery from the chest wall is used to bypass the blocked section.
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statins
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drugs that reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
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thrombolytic therapy
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administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot
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valvuloplasty
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plastic or restorative surgery on a valve, especially a cardiac valve. A special type of valvuloplasty is balloon valvuloplasty in which insertion of a balloon catheter to open a stenotic heart valve is performed. Inflation the balloon decreases the constriction.
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