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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax where it occupies the space between the lungs |
heart |
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3 layers of the heart |
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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outermost layer of the heart |
epicardium |
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middle layer of the heart which is made up of muscle fibers |
myocardium |
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innermost layer of the heart which consists of endothelial tissue and lines the inside of the heart and valves |
endocardium |
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how many mls of fluid are stored in the pericardial sac? |
10-20 mls |
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function of pericardial fluid |
prevent friction of or between visceral and parietal pericardium |
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4 chambers of the heart |
RA, RV, LA, LV |
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receives venous blood returning to the heart via superior and inferior vena cava |
right atrium |
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receives venous blood from the right atrium, and ejects this blood into the lungs via pulmonary artery |
right ventricle |
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receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle |
left atrium |
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receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and ejects blood into the systemic arterial circulation via the aorta |
left ventricle |
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blood circulation process |
SVC & IVC - RA - TV - RV - PV - PA - LUNGS - PV - LA - MV/BV - LV - AV - AORTA - BODY |
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responsible for the apex beat or point of maximal impulse (PMI); normally palpable in the 5th intercostal space left midclavicular line |
left ventricle |
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left ventricle is normally palpated at |
5th intercostal space left midclavicular line |
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right atrium is normally palpated at |
4th intercostal space right midclavicular line |
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refers to the contraction of the muscle wherein the chambers of the heart become smaller as the blood is ejected |
systole |
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refers to the relaxation of the muscle of the heart wall wherein the chambers fill with blood in the preparation for the subsequent ejection |
diastole |
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normal cardiac output |
5 liters per minute |
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valves that separates the atrias from the ventricles |
AV valves or Atrioventricular Valves |
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valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle |
tricuspid valve |
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valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle |
bicuspid/mitral valve |
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5 areas for listening to the heart |
APETM |
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these valves open during ventricular systole, and close during ventricular diastole |
semilunar valves |
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valve that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
pulmonary valve |
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valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta vessel |
aortic valve |
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vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle; originates from the aorta |
coronary arteries |
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the two main coronary arteries |
left coronary artery & right coronary artery |
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2 branches of LCA |
circumflex coronary artery (CCA) left anterior descending artery (LADA) |
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supplies the left atrium and posterior lateral surface of the ventricle |
CCA |
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artery that supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the apex of the heart |
LADA |
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artery that supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node, and inferior of the left ventricle |
right coronary artery |
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artery that supplies the left atrium and posterior lateral surface of the ventricle |
CCA |
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pacemaker of the heart; located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium |
SA node |
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initiates electrical impulses |
SA node |
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beginning of the conduction system |
SA node |
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located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve; coordinates the incoming impulses from the SA node |
AV node |
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bundle of specialized fibers that travels in the septum separating the left and right ventricles |
bundle of HIS |
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PR interval |
impulse transmission from SA - AV (0.12 - 0.20 secs) |
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QRS complex |
ventricular depolarization (0.05 - 0.10 secs) |
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ST segment |
plateau phase (gap between ventricular depolarization and depolarization) |
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T wave |
ventricular repolarization |
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U wave |
complete ventricular repolarization |
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wide P wave |
hyperkalemia |
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depressed ST segment |
hypokalemia |
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contraction and emptying of the atria and ventricles |
systole |
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relaxation and filling of the atria and ventricles |
diastole |
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the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute |
cardiac output |
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blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per beat |
stroke volume |
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average stroke volume def |
70 mls |
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degree of myocardial stretch before contraction |
pre load |
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the greater the myocardial fiber stretches within physiologic limits, the more forceful the ventricular contraction, thereby increasing stroke volume |
frank-starling law |
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ability of the heart muscle to contract and thereby pump blood |
contractility |
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after load |
afterload |
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Huhu |
Juju |
