Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Front 1

What is the G protein associated with α1 adrenergic receptors and what is its mechanism?

Back 1

Gq interacting with PLC, producing IP3 and DAG

IP3 increasing intracelluar calcium

Front 2

Which type of receptor can be stimulated to treat anaphylaxis by inducing bronchodilation?

Back 2

β2 receptors

Front 3

What interacts with β2 receptors?

Back 3

Epinephrine

(NE does not interact)

Front 4

β1 receptors have what effects on the heart?

Back 4

Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

Front 5

Cholera toxin ________ activates _____ on _____ receptors.

Back 5

Irreversibly; Gsα; β1

Front 6

What does sympathetic stimulation of the kidney cause?

Back 6

Renin release via β1 stimulation on the JG apparatus

Front 7

Antagonists to which adrenergic receptor are used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarctions and hypertension?

Back 7

β1 antagonists (β-blockers)

Front 8

What do you do to treat bradycardia?

Back 8

Inhibit the parasympathetics

Front 9

What toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine from post-ganglionic nerves?

Back 9

botulinum toxin

Front 10

What is the mechanism for vasodilation induced by acetylcholine?

Back 10

Gq:PLC:IP3:Calcium

Calcium stimulated inducible NOS, generating free NO, which activates guanylyl cyclase to produce cGMP

Front 11

Acetylcholine administered intravenously will have what effect on blood pressure?

Back 11

ACh will lower BP by decreasing TPR and CO

Front 12

Which muscarinic agonist is used to treat glaucoma and xerostomia?

Back 12

pilocarpine

Front 13

What is the treatment for organophosphate inhibitors?

Back 13

pralidoxime

Front 14

What are the muscarinic symptoms of cholinergic crisis induced by anticholinesterase intoxication?

Back 14

sweating, salvation, lacrimation, bradycardia, hypotension, blurred vision

Front 15

What is the treatment for hyperthermia secondary to atropine intoxication?

Back 15

physostigmine

Front 16

What drug would you give to treat bradycardia?

Back 16

atropine

Front 17

Which pharmacologic agents reverse the direction of the axoplasmic pump?

Back 17

tyramine, amphetamine, and ephedrine

Front 18

Which agents inhibit the axoplasmic pump to potentiate sympathetic responses?

Back 18

cocaine and imipramine

Front 19

Which agents inhibit sympathetic activity?

Back 19

reserpine and guanethidine

Front 20

The degradation of adrenergic amines can be blocked by ________ and ________ inhibitors.

Back 20

COMT and MAO

Front 21

What should one restrict in their diet if they are taking pargyline because of the risk of hypertensive crisis?

Back 21

tyramine

Front 22

What is the predominant urinary adrenergic amine break down product?

Back 22

vanillymandelic acid (VMA)

Front 23

Which catecholamine is metabolized by COMT and not MAO?

Back 23

isoproterenol

Front 24

Which pharmacotherapy is used to treat narcolepsy and hyperkinetic syndrome?

Back 24

amphetamine

Front 25

Which α1 agonist is used to treat hypotension and mucosal congestion?

Back 25

phenylephrine

Front 26

Which selective β2 agonists are used to delay labor?

Back 26

terbutaline and ritodrine

Front 27

How do you treat someone who is in hypertensive crisis secondary to a pargyline intoxication?

Back 27

Give an α-blocker

Front 28

Postural hypotension is a side effect of _________ and may be severe after first dose.

Back 28

prazosin

Front 29

_______ and ________ are non-selective β-blockers that also block α1 receptors.

Back 29

labetalol and carvedilol

Front 30

Which β blocker has the best profile?

Back 30

atenolol

Front 31

Renin production and sodium intake are _________ proportional.

Back 31

inversely

Front 32

What are the factors that increase renin release?

Back 32

Decreased sodium in the macula densa

Decreased renal artery pressure,

Increased sympathetic stimulation of β1 receptors on the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Prostaglandins (Bartter Syndrome)

Front 33

What is the treatment for a diabetic who has proteinuria?

Back 33

ACE inhibitors

Front 34

What is the mechanism of action of losartan?

Back 34

It blocks binding of angiotensin II to type I receptors

Front 35

What is the most common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

Back 35

eh ehmm..... cough

Front 36

What percentage of cholesterol is synthesized?

Back 36

67%

Front 37

What is the enzyme that statins competitively inhibit?

Back 37

HMG-CoA Reductase

Front 38

What are some of the toxicities of HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors?

Back 38

Liver (measured by ALT), myopathy, teratogenic effects

Front 39

Which drug reduced intestinal absorption of cholesterol and has synergistic action with statins?

Back 39

Ezetemibe

Front 40

What is the mechanism of cholestyramine?

Back 40

Binds bile acids in the intestine and increases production of LDL receptors, thus reducing LDL in the plasma

Front 41

What is the preferred treatment for juvenile hyperlipidemia?

Back 41

cholestyramine

Front 42

Cholestyramine reduces plasma triglycerides. T/F

Back 42

False, cholestyramine has no effect on triglycerides

Front 43

What is the mechanism of colestipol?

Back 43

Binds bile acids in the intestine

Front 44

What is the mechanism of nicotinic acid?

Back 44

Inhibition of HDL-ApoA1 clearance, thus increasing plasma HDL (more than any other lipid lowering drug)

Front 45

Which drug increases the synthesis of Apo-A1 in the liver?

Back 45

Gemfibrozil

Front 46

What is the mechanism of gemfibrozil?

Back 46

Increase LPL synthesis to degrade trigylcerides

LDL no affected