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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathopysiology of PVD
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Decreased circulation leads to tissue ischemia (anarobic metabolism occurs), Pain (skin changes, ulcerations, and edema)
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Risk factors PVD
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Age, male, + family hx, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, smoking, obesity, HTN, increased stress, and sed. lifestyle
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S/S of arterial insufficiency
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Pain (intermittent claudication)
Lower extremeties-cool, pale (ruddy when dependant) and decreased cap refill, decreased or absent peripheral pulses, dry scaly shiny skin and hair loss |
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Diagnostic Tests
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Doppler Ultrasound and angiography
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Treatment of PVD
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Control underlying conditions, lifestyle changes, medication (Trental, Plavix) and surgery.
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Buergers (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
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Autoimmune disease-inflammation of peripheral vessels
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Buergers info
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Incresed risk in young males & heavy smokers
S/S= pain Tx= improve circulation, lifestyle changes |
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Raynauds
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Episodes of vasospasm and constriction (No known causes)
Cycle involving fingers and toes: cold, numb, pale, cyanotic, pain, limited movement, vessels dilate-redness and pain then return to normal color |
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Raynauds
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May lead to thickened fingers, brittle nails
Tx: Medications (vasodilators), lifestyle changes |
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Venous Disorders
DVT: Phlebitis |
Inflammation of the vein
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Venous DisordersDVT: Thrombophlebitis
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Phlebitis with vessel wall damage, clot (well attached)
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Venous Disorders
DVT: Phlebothromosis |
Alteration in blood flow leads to clot formation (easily dislodged)
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Risk factors for DVT
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Stasis of blood flow, irregular blood flow, vascular abnormalities, blood dyscrasins, altered clotting mechanisms
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S/S of DVT
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Edema, warmth, redness, tenderness, negative tortuous veins, and positive Homan's sign.
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Diagnostic tests
& Treatment |
Doppler ultrasound, venogram
Tx:Bedrest, warm moist packs. Meds: Analgesics & anticoagulants |
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Heparin
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PTT = normal 30-45 seconds
therapeutic range= 45-90 seconds (one and a half to 2 times the normal) *PTT of 100 or above= spontaneous bleeding* ANTIDOTE= Protamine sulfate |
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Coumadin
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PT= normal 10-14 seconds
Therpeutic range= 15-28 seconds *PT greater than 30 seconds = spontaneous bleeding* ANTIDOTE= Vitamin K INR 2-3 |
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Drug that breaks up clots
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Thrombolytics (Streptokinase)
Surgical tx= thrombectomy |
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Prevention of DVT
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Early ambulation, Ted hose, SCD's, exercise, adequate fluids, assess IV site (change Q72 hrs)
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