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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 uses of an ECG?
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-Graphic representation of electrical activity
-Rhythm disturbances -Conduction disturbances |
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What is occurring in the atria when the ventricles are depolarizing and contracting?
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They are repolarizing
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What direction does energy flow in the EKG?
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negative to positive
R shoulder to Left area of the ribs |
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What is the saying to remember how to place the leads of an EKG?
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White on Right and Smoke over Fire
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What lead is used when you are watching a pt on a heart monitor>
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Lead 2
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What does a small box represent?
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0.04 seconds
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The big dark box is equal to what time?
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0.2 seconds
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How many grids are = to 3 seconds on an EKG?
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15
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How many isoelectric lines are there is one full electrical impulse?
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3
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What is the normal time frame for the p wave?
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0.12 - 0.2 seconds
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What is a normal QRS complex time?
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0.12 seconds or less
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Do all pts have a Q and a S?
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No
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When does the relative refractory period occur in terms of the EKG?
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Middle to the end of the T wave
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When does the absolute refractory period occur on the EKG?
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Beginning of the QRS to the middle of the T wave
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What is the best way to tell if the a strip has a regular rhythm?
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The distance from R to R is equal throughout
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What does sinus rhythm mean?
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Regular rhythm
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What are the SxS of sinus bradycardia?
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-lethargy
-low BP -pale color -cold to the touch -decrease CO |
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What drug is usually used to treat sinus bradycardia?
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Atropine: antichonlinergic
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What are some possible causes of sinus bradycardia?
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meds: B Blockers, Digoxin
Vasovagal responses Sometimes severe pain |
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What do both Sinus tach and Sinus brady have in common?
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They both cause a drop in CO
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What can cause Sinus Tach?
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-Pain
-Sympathomemetics -fever -stress -narcotics |
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What would the nurse assess during sinus Tachy?
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-Clammy
-BP could be high or low -may feel hot from fever -decreased level of consciousness |
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During a premature atrial contraction, does each QRS have a distinct, visible P wave?
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No becuase when the Ctx is premature the P wave is often burried in the T wave of the previous Ctx
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What symptoms are usually seen for premature atrial contraction? How is it Tx?
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-usually asymptomatic
-Usually does not need to be treated |
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What occurs in the P waves of atrial fibrillation?
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There are no distinct p waves, there are many markings
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Is the rhythm of atrial fibrillation regular or irregular?
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Irregular
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What HR often corresponds to a pt being asymptomatic with atrial fibrillation?
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Normal rhythm, usually around 70/80
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What is the diagnostic name for a pt with a rapid HR, irregular rhythm and no real p waves on the EKG?
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Atrial Fib with rapid ventricular response
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What type of rapid atrial movement has a regular rhythm?
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Atrial flutter
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What is atrial flutter described as?
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A saw tooth EKG
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What is the name given to the many p waves seen in atrial flutter?
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F waves or flutter waves
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What is the Tx options for atrial fib?
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Beta Blocker, Ca Channel Blocker, Coumadin and Cardioversion
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What types of Tx can be used for atrial flutter?
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-B Blockers
-Ca Channel Blocker -Cardioversion |
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What is PVC?
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Premature ventricular contraction
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What are the representative changes to the EKG during a PVC?
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early QRS that is extremely wide and bizarre looking. It is way more than 0.12 seconds
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What can occur if a PVC happens to fall in a pts relative refractory period?
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It can throw the pt into V fib or Vtach
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How many PVCs must occur for a pt to get Tx?
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Usually > 6 in one min
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What is PVC bigeminy?
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When the PVC comes regularly within each normal beat
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What is a PVC TRIgeminy?
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The PVC comes after 2 normal beats and regularly
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Describe V Tach?
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-No regularity
-No P waves -Comes from the ventricle that has an intrinsic rate of 20-40, but HR can be 150-250 |
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When a pt is compromised from V tach, what is the most obvious Sign? How is it Tx?
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No pulse
-Code situation: defib! |
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What occurs in V fib?>
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Pacemaker of the heart is now in the ventricle and there is no real ctx. Have a drop in HR and drop in BP
-Code situation |
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What type of block is also know as a classical block?
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Second degree AV: Mobitz type II
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What is a characteristic of a First Degree AV block?
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Prolong PR interval
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How do you treat Mobitz type I?
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Atropine
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What are the two possible treatments for Mobitz type II?
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Atropine and possibly a pacemaker
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Which block has a complete dissociation between P wave and QRS complex?
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Third degree AV block
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What is the most reliable indicator that a person is in a CV emergency?
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Lack of pulse
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What type of distress is usually seen first in children, cardiac or respiratory?
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Respiratory
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What is electrocardiography? When is it normally used?
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Usually used for life threatening arrhythmias
-Go through the femoral vein with a catheter that has sensors to map out electricity of the heart. Can map out the aberrant cells and oblate them! (cauterize them so the SA node can work again) |
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what is the primary problem with arrhythmias?
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Drop in CO
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