Cardiovascular -Mc-Grawhill 4Th Edition S Gunstream

Front 1

structure of heart

Back 1

4 chambered pump apex/base

Front 2

Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium

Back 2

parietal - lines cavity
visceral - lies directly on heart
pericardium surrounds heart; membrane folds back on itself to form 2 layers

Front 3

Epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Back 3

Epi-outermost layer, blood vessels to nurish heart
Myo- cardiac muscle
Endo- inner layer, simple squamous epithelium

Front 4

right atrium/right ventricle

Back 4

tricuspid valve. blood goes from right vent. to lungs via pulmonary artery

Front 5

left Atrium/right ventricule

Back 5

bicuspid valve. blood goes to aorta to rest of body

Front 6

Coronary sinus

Back 6

stores venous blood

Front 7

Heart Valves
Atrioventricular valves

Back 7

Tricuspid (R)
Bicuspid (L)
allows flow from atria to ventricles.

Front 8

Heart Valves
Semilunar Valves

Back 8

Pulmonary semilunar valve between R Vent. & Pulmonary Trunk
Aortic Semilunar Valve - L Vent & Aorta

Front 9

Cardiac Cycle
first part

Back 9

Systole - Contraction Phase
Diastole- relaxation Phase
Atria & ventricles contract @ same time then thru AV valves

Front 10

Cardiac Cycle
Atrial Systole

Back 10

Atrial Systole (vent. diastole) forces blood into relaxed ventricles

Front 11

Cardiac Cycle
part 3 Ventricular Systole

Back 11

Vent. Sistole (Atrial Diastole)
Increases blood pressure in ventricles blood moves from vent. to arteries

Front 12

Cardiac Cycle
final stage
Vent. Diastole

Back 12

allows AV valves to open and semilunar to close (blood has been moved into system

Front 13

Heart Sounds
Lup-Dup

Back 13

Lup - closing of AV valves during Ventricular systole
Dup - Closing of Semilunar valves during vent. diastole

Front 14

Circuits of blood flow-
Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit

Back 14

Pulmonary circuit - de-oxy blood flows from R ventricle to lungs and Oxy blood flows from lungs to L Atrium.

Front 15

blood suppy to heart

Back 15

R & L Coronary arteries
coronary veins return blood to coronary sinus which drains into R Atrium.

Front 16

Heart Conduction System
Electrical impulses etc

Back 16

SA Node pacemaker of heart. Where conduction for heart starts.

Front 17

System to regulate heart
SA Node AV nod, AV bundle. Purkinje fibers

Back 17

input from nervous system to regulate heart
SA node impulse that causes atria to contract
AV node - receives impulse from SA and passes to Bundle of HIss
AV bundle R/L carries impulse down vent. septum.
Purkinje fibers carries impulse to any mycoardium

Front 18

EKG
P Wave
QRS Wave
T WAve

Back 18

P = Atrial depolarization
QRS = vent. depolarization
T Vent. repolarization

Front 19

Structure of arteries & Veins
Structure of vessel itselve

Back 19

Tunica Externa (support & Elasticity), Tunica Media - smooth muscle fibers, vessel diameter; Tunica Externa - endothelium lining inside blood vessel (keeps inside slick

Front 20

arteries
arterioles

Back 20

carrys blood away from heart. forms arterioules.

Front 21

arteries-arterioles-capillaries

Back 21

arteries-arterioles go into capillary. smallest vessel. one RBC at a time pass thru more in active tissue, less in connective tissue

Front 22

Interstitial fluid

Back 22

Exchange of materials pass thru interstitial fluid as they move between blood & cells. water exchanged by osmosis

Front 23

Veins

Back 23

capillaries empty de-oxy blood into venules that unite to form veins. has valves to prevent backflow since pressure is less . holds 60% of blood volume at any instant. venous sinusoids of liver & spleen have reservoirs

Front 24

Blood Flow

Back 24

from high to low pressure. greatest in ventricles, lowest in atria. Aorta is highest pressure vessel

Front 25

skeletal muscles

Back 25

contractions compress veins forcing blood from one valved segment to another

Front 26

Systolic/Diastolic Blood Pressure

Back 26

arterial blood in systemic circuit
systolic -highest pressure during vent. systole
diastolic lowest during vent. diastole

Front 27

pulse pressure

Back 27

diff between systolic & diastolic blood pressure. causes the pulse (expansion/ contraction of arterial walls

Front 28

cardiac output

Back 28

volume of blood pumped by heart in one minute. higher output=higher blood pressure

Front 29

Blood volume/pressure
Peripheral Resistance

Back 29

decrease blood vol. decrease blood pressure and vice versa.
PR friction of blood against vessel walls. constriction of arterioles increase resistance & pressure. Dilation decreases both. Anything that might slow it down

Front 30

Viscosity

Back 30

resistance to liquid blood flow. increase viscosity = incr BP
vice versa

Front 31

vasomotor center

Back 31

in medulla governs vasoconstriction/vasodilation to alter BP

Front 32

Pulmonary Circuit

Back 32

Pul trunk & arteries carry de-oxy blood to lungs
Pul. veins carry oxy blood to L atrium. Oxy moves from higher to lower concentration

Front 33

Superior & Inferior vena cava

Back 33

superior returns blood from arms, shoulders, head neck
inferior from legs & lower trunk

Front 34

Common Carotid
Brachiocephallic
Subclavian
Axillary

Back 34

2 in neck goes to head
Splits into head & neck
below clavicle
armpit branches into brachial then into radial (thumb side) and ulner (pinky side)

Front 35

Aorta
Common Illiac
Femoral & Popliteal

Back 35

bends then goes thru thoracic cavity
common illiac is last branch of descending aorta at legs
femoral - femor popliteal @ knees

Front 36

Major Veins

Back 36

Inferior/superior vena cava
Jugular - drains blood from head
brachiocephallic
subclavian, axillary, common iliac, femoral & popliteal

Front 37

Hepatic Portal Vein

Back 37

Blood goes thru here to be filtered by liver (detoxified & clean) before goes into vena cava. monitor & adjusts blood composition from digestive tract.