Cardiovascular Histology (Lecture 5 And 6)

Front 1

What hormone does the heart produce

Back 1

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

Front 2

Vessels that Service the major blood vessels

Back 2

Vasa vasorum

Front 3

Nerves that service the major blood vessels

Back 3

Nervi Vascularis

Front 4

Function of Endothelial Cells

Back 4

1. Selectively permeable barrier to control the composition of interstitial tissue

2. Mediate the movement of inflammatory cells

3. EDGF (endothelium derived GF) provides for angiogenesis in the embry

Front 5

Signals that cause vasoconstriction

Back 5

Endothelin

Front 6

Signals that cause Vasodilation

Back 6

1. Nitric Oxide

2. Prostacyclin

Front 7

Anticoagulant signal

Back 7

Thrombomodulin

Front 8

Pulmonary edothelial cells produce

Back 8

ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme) to promote conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Front 9

What are Weibel Palade Bodies

Back 9

Rod shaped inclusion in the endothelial cells that contain von Willebrand factor which is used in the platelet plug formation

Front 10

What type of connective tissue is Tunica Adventitia

Back 10

Dense irregular connective tissue

Front 11

Purpose of Muscular Arteries

Back 11

Conduit to distribute blood from elastic vessels to smaller vessels

Front 12

Layers of Tunica Media at different levels

Back 12

Elastic Arteries = 40-70

Muscular Arteries = 8 - 40

Small Artery = 3 - 8

Front 13

Which vessel is the major determinant of blood pressure

Back 13

Arterioles

Resistance is indirectly proportional to Diamter^4

R alpha 1/D^4

Front 14

What regulates blood flow into capillaries

Back 14

Precapillary Sphincters

Front 15

Diameter of Capillaries

Back 15

7-9 microns

Front 16

What cells encircle capillaries

Back 16

Pericytes (Rouget Cells)

Front 17

Significance of Somatic / Continuous Capillary

Back 17

1. Provides complete control over diffusion, endocytosis, and exocytosis

2. Vessel forms barriers in organs such as BBB, Blood Thymus Barrier, Blood Lung Barrier, Blood Testes Barrier

Front 18

Locations of Continuous / Somatic Capillary

Back 18

1. Connective Tissue

2. Muscle Tissue

3. Nerve Tissue

4. Exocrine Glands

5. Cerebral Cortex

Front 19

Significance of Fenestrated / Visceral Capillary

Back 19

Contains diaphragm across the 80 -100 nm fenestrations

Front 20

Where are Fenestrated / Visceral Capillary found

Back 20

1. Peptide-secreting endocrine organs

2. Ciliary Processes (EYE)

3. Choroid Plexus (VENTRICLES)

4. Kidney-Glomeruli (No Diaphragm)

5. Lamina Propria of GIT

Front 21

Where are Discontinuous / Sinusoidal capillary found

Back 21

1. Liver

2. Spleen

3. Bone Marrow

Front 22

What is the significance of the discontinuous / sinusoidal capillary

Back 22

Large, variable fenestrations that reach several microns, that allow for the passage of macro molecules

Front 23

4 types of Vessel Connections

Back 23

1. Arteriole > capillary > venule

2. Arteriole > Venule (bypass capillary)

3. Arteriole > Capillary > Arteriole (Kidney)

4. Vein > Vein (Liver)

Front 24

Purpose of High endothelial Vessels (HEV)

Back 24

1. Facilitate migration of immune cells

2. Site where lymphocytes enter a lymph node for circulation

Front 25

What composes the valves of veins

Back 25

Out folding of the Tunica Intima of the veins

Front 26

What is the result of impaired lymphatic vessel function

Back 26

Edema

Front 27

Manifestations of Coronary Heart Disease

Back 27

1. Angina

2. Heart Attack

3. Sudden Death

4. Heart Failure

Front 28

Manifestations of Cerebrovascular Disease

Back 28

1. Stroke

2. Transient Ischemic Attack

3. Dementia

Front 29

Manifestations of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Back 29

1. Gangrene
2. Intermittent Claudication

Front 30

Three Characteristic changes of Hypertension

Back 30

1. Symmetrical hypertrophy of the muscular media

2. Extensive Reduplication of the internal elastic lamina

3. Fibrotic Thickening of the Intima

Front 31

Damage caused by hypertension to the blood vessels

Back 31

1. Scarring

2. Hardening

3. Narrowing

4. Less elastic

Front 32

What is Atherosclerosis

Back 32

Characterized by lesions of the Tunica Intima called atheroma which protrude into and obstructs the vascular lumen weakening the underlying Tunica Media

Front 33

What is arterisclerosis

Back 33

Hardening of arteries

Usually due to old age

Front 34

Tests to detect Heart Disease

Back 34

1. Electrocardiogram

2. Stress Tests

3. Echocardiography

4. Computerized Tomography Scans

5. Coronary Angiography

Front 35

Clinical Significance of Marfan syndrome on the cardiovascular system

Back 35

Elastic fibers don't form correctly so arteries are more prone to dissection and aneurysm

Front 36

What is the major cause of Peripheral Artery Disease

Back 36

1. Atherosclerosis

2. Diabetes

Front 37

Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease

Back 37

1. Pain / Numbness

2. Decreased wound healing

3. Tissue death - gangrene

4. Leading cause of amputations

Front 38

Causes of lymphedema

Back 38

1. Trauma

2. Surgery

3. Radiation treatment

4. Inflammation

5. Parasites

6. Cancer