Cardiovascular Histo & Blood- Nbde I

Front 1

Liquid portion of blood is called?

Back 1

Plasma

Front 2

After clot formation, dissolved components of plasma are removed & liquid left is called?

Back 2

Serum

Front 3

What % of plasma is water by volume?

Back 3

90% water
9% protein
1% salt, ions, etc.

Front 4

When plasma leaks out of small vessels it is called?

Back 4

Extracellular fluid

Front 5

Purpose of biconcave disk of erythrocytes?

Back 5

Large surface area relative to volume
NO NUCLEI OR ORGANELLES

Front 6

Percentage of total blood volume made up of erythrocytes

Back 6

Hematocrit

Front 7

Life expectancy of erythrocytes?

Back 7

120 Days
Destroyed by macrophages in spleen, bone marrow or liver

Front 8

Most abundant formed element found in blood?

Back 8

Erythrocytes

Front 9

WBC don't function in blood but use it as transportation, they exit blood stream by?

Back 9

Diapedesis

Front 10

What are the 2 groups of WBC?

Back 10

Leukocytes:
1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes

Front 11

What are the most abundant type of leukoctyes?

Back 11

Neutrophils

Front 12

Female neutrophils contain?

Back 12

Barr bodies

Front 13

What types of granules are found in neutrophils? (3)

Back 13

1. Specific granules
2. Azurophilic granules
3. Tertiary granules

Front 14

What are the functions of neutrophils? (3)

Back 14

1. Migrate to site of infection- chemotaxis
2. Phagocytose-- release hydrolytic enzymes
3. Release leukotrienes-- initiate inflammatory response

Front 15

Which type of WBC has a sausage-shaped bilobed nuclues?

Back 15

Eosinophils

Front 16

Eosinophils have receptors for?

Back 16

1. IgG
2. IgE
3. complement

Front 17

What type of granules are found in eosinophils?

Back 17

1. Specific granules
2. Non-specific granules-- lysosomes

Front 18

Which type of WBC has specific granules that have enzymes to combat parasitic infections?

Back 18

Eosinophils

Front 19

What are the functions of eosinophils? (4)

Back 19

1. Migrate by chemotaxis- allergic rxns, inflammation or parasite
2. Degranulation on surface of worms, release ROS
3. Counteract effects of histamines & leukotrienes
4. Engulf Ab-Ag compounds for degredation

Front 20

Which type of WBC has an S shaped nucleus?

Back 20

Basophils

Front 21

What is found in the specific granules of basophils?

Back 21

Heparin, histamine, chemotactic factors for eosinophils & neutrophils

Front 22

What are the functions of basophils? (4)

Back 22

1. IgE from plasma cells bind --> next time Ag is encountered they can bind
2. Bind IgE --> degranulation
3. Release factors to mediate inflammation
4. Histamine --> vasodilation, SM contraction & leaky vessels

Front 23

What are the largest WBC?

Back 23

Monocytes

Front 24

Which WBC has kidney shaped nucleus w/ moth eaten or soap bubble appearance?

Back 24

Monocytes

Front 25

What are the functions of monocytes? (4)

Back 25

1. Phagocytes (part of MPS system)
2. Release cytokines & activate inflammatory response
3. Ag-Presenting Cells
4. Fuse together & form foreign body giant cells

Front 26

Darkly staining nucleus which fills most of cell & little room for cytoplasm?

Back 26

Lymphocytes

Front 27

What are the 3 types lymphocytes?

Back 27

1. B cells
2. T cells
3. Null cells

Front 28

Which type of lymphocytes are most common in circulation?

Back 28

T cells

Front 29

What is the function of null cells?

Back 29

Some become natural killer cells --> kill & alter cells

Front 30

The outer part of platelet disk is called?

Back 30

Hyalomere-- MT, actin & myosin

Front 31

The central part of the platelet disk is called?

Back 31

Granulomere

Front 32

Platelets are derived from which cell type?

Back 32

Megakaryocyte

Front 33

Platelets become activated when they come into contact w/?

Back 33

Subendothelial collagen

Front 34

Which type of WBC has a multilobed nuclei?

Back 34

Neutrophils

Front 35

Neutrophils have Fc receptors for?

Back 35

IgG

Front 36

Tunica intima contains? (5)

Back 36

1. Endothelium
2. Basal lamina
3. Subendothelium
4. Internal elastic lamina
5. Pericytes

Front 37

Tunica media contains? (4)

Back 37

1. Smooth muscle
2. Elastic fibers
3. Reticular fibers
4. External elastic lamina

Front 38

Tunica adventitia contains? (4)

Back 38

1. Collagen
2. Elastic fibers
3. Vasa vasorum
4. Sympathetic nerves

Front 39

Examples of elastic arteries include? (3)

Back 39

1. Aorta
2. Subclavians
3. Iliacs

Front 40

Fenestrated elastic lamina is present in which layer of elastic arteries?

Back 40

Tunica media-- fenestrated elastic lamina

Front 41

What layer limits expansion of elastic arteries?

Back 41

Tunica Advenitita
Type 1 collagen

Front 42

Examples of muscular arteries include?

Back 42

1. Femoral
2. Brachial

Front 43

Abundant smooth muscle in circular pattern is found in what type of vessels?

Back 43

Tunica media of muscular arteries

Front 44

Which type of vessels have Weibel-Palade granules (von Willebrand's factor)?

Back 44

Tunica intima of arterioles

Front 45

Which type of vessels have several layers of smooth muscle in tunica media & thin layer of CT in tunica adventitia?

Back 45

Arterioles

Front 46

The tunica intima of capillaries consists of? (3)

Back 46

1. endothelium
2. pericytes
3. basal lamina

Front 47

There is no tunica media in what type of vessels?

Back 47

Capillaries

Front 48

What is found in the tunica adventitia of capillaries?

Back 48

Few reticular fibers

Front 49

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Back 49

1. Continuous
2. Fenestrated
3. Discontinuous (sinusoidal)

Front 50

Continuous capillaries are found where? (4)

Back 50

Continuous w/ pinocytotic vesicles:
1. CNS
2. Muscle
3. Pulmonary circulation
4. Exocrine glands

Front 51

Where are fenestrated capillaries found? (3)

Back 51

Fenestrated w/ diaphragms:
1. Endocrine organs
2. GI system

Fenestrated w/o diaphragms:
3. Kidneys

Front 52

Discontinous (sinusoidal) capillaires are found?

Back 52

1. Liver
2. Bone marrow
3. Spleen

Front 53

What type of capillary has fenestrations & incomplete basal lamina?

Back 53

Discontinuous (sinusoidal)

Front 54

What type of vessel has large lumen, thin walls, pericytes & circular smooth muscle?

Back 54

Venules

Front 55

There is no internal elastic lamina prsent in?

Back 55

Small & medium veins

Front 56

What type of vessel has well developed tunica intima, thin tunica media w/ smooth muscle & collagen & large tunica adventitia w/ smooth muscle & collagenous CT?

Back 56

Large veins

Front 57

Lymph capillaries start as?

Back 57

Blind ended tubes

Front 58

Endothelial cells of lymph vessels lack?

Back 58

Lack tight junctions
Basal lamina is usually permeable

Front 59

Circular smooth muscle in tunica media forms sphincter between arterioles & capillaries

Back 59

Precapillary (meterarteriole) sphincter

Front 60

Postcapillary (prevenule) sphincters are?

Back 60

highly permeable

Front 61

Partial perfusion of an organ or muscle, precapillary sphincters, exercise, shock?

Back 61

Preffered channels

Front 62

Direct arterial-venous connection w/ rich innervation, temperature regulation, glomus

Back 62

Arteriovenous anastamoses

Front 63

Vessels supplying vessels are known as?

Back 63

Vaso vasorum

Front 64

The endocardium is equivalent to what structure in vessels?

Back 64

Tunica intima

Front 65

The myocardium is equivalent to what structure in vessels?

Back 65

Tunica media

Front 66

The epicardium is equivalent to what layer in vessels?

Back 66

Tunica adventitia

Front 67

Epicardium is what type of epithelium?

Back 67

Mesothelium