Cardiovascular Exam I - Histology

Front 1

Describe nucleus of cardiac cell

Back 1

In the middle of the cell and elongated

Front 2

2 components of the intercalated discs

Back 2

Lateral component - parallel with the filaments

Transverse component - perpendicular to the filaments

Front 3

T tubules are located at the level of _

Back 3

Z lines

Front 4

Endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle – in the cardiac muscle it forms irregular, poorly organized network at the periphery of the muscle cells

Back 4

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 5

Sarcoplasmic reticulum cysternae at the Z lines storing Ca++

Back 5

Terminal cisternae

Front 6

Terminal cisternae interacts with T tubules forming _

What do they form in skeletal muscle

Back 6

Diad

Triad

Front 7

Depolarization of the T tubule membrane triggers _

Back 7

release of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum triggering muscle contraction

Front 8

Dark band (mostly thick myosin filaments in the relaxed muscle)

Back 8

A line

Front 9

Light band (mostly thin actin filaments)

Back 9

I line

Front 10

darker line at the middle of the I line

Back 10

Z line

Front 11

portion of the muscle cell between two Z lines (2-3 μm)

Back 11

sarcomere

Front 12

middle of the sarcomeres

Back 12

M line

Front 13

Which line decreases in contraction

Back 13

I line

Front 14

double helix molecule, composed of G actin subunits

Back 14

F - actin

Front 15

two double helix polypeptide chains – masks the myosin binding site of actin in resting muscle

Back 15

Tropomyosin

Front 16

Cause of the rigor mortis

Back 16

Myosin head is tightly bound to the actin molecule of the thin filament when ATP is not attached to the myosin head

Front 17

Type of cells in conducting system

Back 17

Modified myocytes

Front 18

-irregular accumulations of small muscle fibers
-no intercalated discs
-desmosomes
-few myofibrils; lack striations
-surrounded by rich collagen stroma
-highly vascular

Back 18

Nodes

Front 19

-Enlarged fibers
-Vacuolated cytoplasm
-High glycogen content
-Few myofibrils

Back 19

Purkinje fibers

Front 20

The visceral and parietal pericardium is composed of

Back 20

Mesothelial cells and fibrocollagenous tissue

Front 21

_is composed of mesothelial cells with collagen and elastic fibers

Back 21

Fibrous pericardium

Front 22

between the visceral and parietal pericardium – contains fluid

Back 22

Pericardial cavity

Front 23

Endocardium is thicker in _

Back 23

Atria

Front 24

Irregular collagen fibers and some conducting fibers - what layer of endocardium

Back 24

Outermost

Front 25

regular collagen and elastic fibers with myofibroblasts - what layer of endocardium

Back 25

Middle

Front 26

flat endothelial cells; continuous with endothelium of great vessels - what layer of endocardium

Back 26

Inner

Front 27

3 layers of valves

Back 27

Tunica fibrosa

Tunica spongiosa

Tunica ventricularis

Front 28

dense fibrocollagenous plate from the fibrous skeleton forming the core of the valve

Back 28

Tunica fibrosa

Front 29

loose connective tissue + endothelium on the atrial or vascular side of the valve: shock absorber

Back 29

Tunica spongiosa

Front 30

dense connective tissue + endothelium on the ventricular side of the valve. Continues in the chordae tendinae.

Back 30

Tunica ventricularis

Front 31

damage from disease in childhood --> scarring and collagen scar-->
valve becomes rigid

Back 31

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 32

aortic valve disease
collagen scar and Ca++ deposits

Back 32

Calcific heart disease

Front 33

endothelium, basal lamina, loose connective tissue with smooth muscle cells and occasional macrophages, internal elastic membrane - what layer of vessel

Back 33

Tunica intima

Front 34

smooth muscle and elastic fibers arranged circumferentially, external elastic membrane – large in arteries, indistinct in veins and virtually non-existent in small vessels - what layer of vessel

Back 34

Tunica media

Front 35

collagen and occasional smooth muscle; includes vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum - what layer of vessel

Back 35

Tunica adventitia

Front 36

Rodlike inclusions in the cytoplasm containing von Willebrand factor
Where are they located?

Back 36

Weibel Palade bodies

Endothelium

Front 37

Maintains non-thrombogenic barrier between platelets and subendothelial tissue – anticoagulants (thrombomodulin) and antithrombogenic agents (prostacyclin, tissue plasminogen activator-TPA). Damage results in release of prothrombogenic agents (von Willebrand factor)--> clotting. This is a function of ?

Back 37

Endothelium

Front 38

formed by macrophages & smooth muscle cells accumulate oxydized LDL

Back 38

Foam cells