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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiazide-type diuretics
(initial therapy) |
Hydrochlorothiazide
MOA: inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the distal tubules leading to Na and H2O loss (+ K and H) For mild-moderate hypertension Adversities: Hypokalemia, dangerous for those taking digitalis or with chronic arrhythmias and acute MI |
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Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACE Inhibitors) |
Captopril
MOA: Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, prevents formation of angiotensin II and breakdown of bradykinin For hypertension, heart failure, MI, LV dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy Adversities: Hypotension with those with hypovolemia, dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema CI: Pregnancy Interacts with K+, NSAIDs |
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Angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs) |
Valsartan
MOA: Blockade of angiotensin II receptor 1 => prevents vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, does not produce dry cough For hypertension, heart failure, LV dysfunction post MI, unstable angina Adversities: hyperkalemia, hypotension, renal damage, some dizziness CI: pregnancy |
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Beta-Blockers
(BBs) |
Propranolol
MOA: Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker For hypertension, angina, tremor, arrhythmias, prevention of MI, prophylaxis of migraine, anxiety, thyrotoxicosis Adversities: bradycardia, hypotension, insomnia, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, bronchospasm, sexual dysfunction CI: don't withdraw abruptly, asthma, COPD, uncompensated congestive heart failure, bradycardia, higher than 1st degree heart block |
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Vasodilators
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Nitrates - Nitroglycerine
Calcium Channel Blockers - Nifedipine |
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Nitroglycerine
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MOA: Converted to Nitric Oxide (NO) and activates guanylyl cyclase increasing cGMP. cGMP inactivates myosin light chain kinase leading to smooth muscle relaxation
Effect on blood vessels is dose dependent. At lower doses nitroglycerine decreases preload by dilating systemic and pulmonary veins. Decrease end-diastolic pressure, heart size, wall tension, and myocardial O2 demand. Also decreases pulmonary vascular resistance. At higher doses nitroglycerine decreases arterial blood pressure i.e. afterload and myocardial workload. |
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Nitroglycerine
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For chronic stable, unstable or vasospastic angina, IV for congestive heart failure especially associated with MI, pulmonary hypertension, and hypertension during heart surgery.
Adversities: Hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia (with high doses) CI: Concurrent use with Viagra |
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Nifedipine
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MOA: Inhibits calcium entry from L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and myocardium
For chronic stable or vasospastic angina, hypertension (sustained release tablets only - short half life), premature labor |
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Nifedipine
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Adversities: flushing, orthostatic hypotension, headache, nausea, sexual dysfunction
CI: hypersensitivity, cardiogenic shock, unstable angina, hypertensive emergencies, acute MI |
