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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Hypertension
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BP >140/90
In elderly >160/90 |
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Essential Hypertension
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-no specific cause,r/t increased peripheral resistance
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Contributing factors to HTN
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obesity, smoking, stress(stimulates nervous system to vasoconstrict), arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, + family hx, ^age, african american, diet ^ in salt and saturated fats.
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Regulation of BP
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Sympathetic nervous system- Increases BP
Parasympathetic- Decreases BP Adrenal glands- Renin-angiotension-aldosterone system |
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Secondary HTN
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An underlying disease or abnormality EX: Renal Abnormalities, endocrine and metablic disorders, CNS disorders, Coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma
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Malignant HTN
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Diastolic > 120 Ex: 200/122
-causes retinopothy, kidney damage, brain damage. |
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Hypertensive Crisis
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BP suddenly goes up; systolic >240
-caused by stopping BP meds abruptly -s/s CHF and CNS dysfunction; cerebral dysfunction, lethargic, N/V, convulsions |
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Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis
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Nitroprusside (vasodialator) and diuretics.
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HTN effects on body
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Damage to eyes, heart, kidneys, brain and abnormalities can be found on physical exam and diagnostic tests.
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HTN Mod. to severe Complications and Clinical Findings. (Prolonged ^ BP)
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Headaches, dizziness and fatigue, palpitations, nosebleeds. Retinal hemorrhage, narrowing of arterials, L ventricular enlargement, freq. urination, ^BUN, ^creatine,(r/t kidney function), ^K+
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Complications of untreated/uncontrolled HTN
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Decreased life expectancy, heart attack, blindness, kidney failure, stroke
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Medications for HTN
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Diurectics
Vasodilators Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), Calcium Antagonists, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers |
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Diuretics
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increase excretion of NA and water.(if on lasix prob on K+).
Lasix, Thiazides, K+ sparing(Aldactone). IV push can cause hearing loss, PO does not. Monitor I/O |
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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Vasodilators |
decrease BP(inhibits sympathetic NS), also decrease pulse. Methyldopa, Propanolol, clonidine.
-acts on smooth muscles(decreases periphral resistance) Hydralazine. |
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Calcium Antagonists
ACE inhibitors |
-increase CO & tissue perfusion= decreased preload and afterload resistance. Diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine
-ACE inhibitor; captopril |
