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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CVd includes
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CAD, HTN, CHF, stroke
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Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
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Arteriosclerosis - progressive disease of the arterial vessels, thickening and hardening, loss of elasticity
Atherosclerosis - common type of arteriosclerosis with cholesterol in the arterial linings |
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Atherosclerosis
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luminal narrowing of affected artery resulting in ischemia to myocardial tissue, plaques may rupture or thrombose resulting in acute occlusion
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Fatty streak formation
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occur everywhere, consist of cholesterol and foam cells, accumulate in subendothelial space
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Fibrous plaque
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larger than fatty streak, thickened cap synthesized by smooth muscle cells. there is endothelial injury, thrombus develops
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Advanced Lesion
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rupture of plaque, arterial occlusion
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hemostasis has 3 stages
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an arrest of bleeding or circulation - stop bleeding from an injured vessel. vasoconsriction, platelet plug, coagulation.
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Vasoconstriction
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muscular constriction of a vessel in response to direct injury to tunica media.
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Platelet plug - where produced and 3 phases
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produced in bone marrow. viscous metamorphosis - platelets come into contact with damaged endothelium or exposed collagen fibers. Adhesion - platelets become sticky. Aggregation - plug forms to block opening
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Coagulation - 3 phase process
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converts soluble into insoluble network. Phase 1) formation of prothrombin activator. phase 2) PTA catalyzes prothrombin to thrombin. Phase 3) fibrin mesh thrombin catalyzes fibrinogen to fibrin.
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Clot retraction and vessel repair
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fibrin strands contain contractile proteins and blood vessel closed. growth factors in platelets stimulate growth.
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Fibrinolysis
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dissoltion of clot, endothelial cells secrete plasminogen activator to form plasmin
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Myocardial ischemia
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a hemodynamically significant narrowing of the coronary artery leading to inadequate blood supply.
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risk factors for ischemia
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hyperlipidemia, cigarette, HTN, diabetes mellitus, elevated plasma homocysteine
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