Cardiovascular Chapter 20

Front 1

"ABCD" medications

Back 1

Angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics

Hint 1

Drug classes for heart conditions

Front 2

ACE inhibitors

Back 2

Medications that help reduce blood pressure; causes persistent coughing

Hint 2

Dilates arteries

Front 3

ARB

Back 3

Angiotensin II receptor blockers; same purpose as ACE inhibitors, but no coughing

Hint 3

ACE inhibitors

Front 4

Entresto

Back 4

For heart failure; composed of valsartan, an ARB, and sacubitril

Hint 4

A mix of meds

Front 5

Renin inhibitors

Back 5

Used to alter renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; reduces aldosterone secretion, less water retention and vasoconstriction; decreases blood pressure; one mednis aliskiren

Front 6

Beta blockers

Back 6

Blocks norepinephrine and epinephrine from bonding to beta-adrenergic receptors; reduces heart rate; two types of beta blockers

Front 7

Beta 2 selective beta blocker

Back 7

Affects lungs; unsuitable for asthma patients

Front 8

Beta-1 Beta blockers

Back 8

Preferred beta blocker to use; only affects the heart

Front 9

Nonspecific beta-blockers

Back 9

Affects both lungs and heart; unsuitable for asthma patients

Front 10

Calcium channel blockers(CCB)

Back 10

reduces heart muscle and blood vessel calcium influx; lowers blood pressure and causes vasodilation; there are two classifications

Front 11

Cardiovascular diseases and conditions

Back 11

Hypertension, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, dysrhythmia, congenital heart disease, etc.

Front 12

Classifications of CCB

Back 12

Dihydropyridines: has a greater effect on the peripheral vasculature and primarily treat high blood pressure nondihydropyridines:

Front 13

Hypertension

Back 13

High blood pressure; called the "silent killer"; essential hypertension is when the cause is unknown

Front 14

Secondary hypertension

Back 14

When the cause of hypertension is known; causes nosebleeds and/or headaches;

Front 15

Four stages of blood pressure

Back 15

Normal Systolic >120

Diastolic >80

Elevated Systolic >120-129

diastolic >80

Stage 1 hypertension

Systolic 130-139

diastolic 80-89

Stage 2 hypertension

Systolic >140

diastolic >90

Hypertensive. Systolic>180

>120

Front 16

Hypotension

Back 16

Low blood pressure; symptoms include syncope (fainting) and/or dizziness

Front 17

Orthostatic hypotension

Back 17

Large amount of blood remains in the lower extremities; results in lightheadedness

Front 18

Hyperlipidemia

Back 18

A.K.A hypercholesterolemia; bloodstream cholesterol level increase that can lead to atherosclerosis

Front 19

Atherosclerosis

Back 19

Arterial hardening; increases risk of angina, heart attack and stroke

Front 20

Low density lipoprotein

Back 20

Bad cholesterol; carries cholesterol to the tissues where it can lodge in blood vessel walls and contribute the atherosclerosis

Front 21

High density lipoprotein

Back 21

Good cholesterol; removed cholesterol from arteries and takes it to the liver

Front 22

Triglycerides (TG)

Back 22

Another form of cholesterol of cholesterol lined to atherosclerosis development

Front 23

Bile acid sequestrants

Back 23

Increases cholesterol loss through gastrointestinal (GI) tract; bubba to GI tract bike acids to prevent reabsorption; one messed is cholestyramine

Front 24

Fibrates

Back 24

Less effective at lowering LDL cholesterol, but can increase HDL levels and lower TG; unknown how they affect cholesterol; some meds: gemfibrozil and fenofibrate

Front 25

Nicotinic acid (niacin)

Back 25

A B-complex vitamin; reduces LDL and TG levels and increases HDL levels; unknown how it affects hyperlipidemia; can cause blood vessel dilation; symptoms include: headaches, pain, and pruritus

Front 26

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)

Back 26

A generic disorder due to chromosome 19 defect; makes LDL receptors on lover Cris inefficient

Front 27

Meds for HeFH

Back 27

High dose stations, bile acid sequestrants, or the new med class PCSK9 inhibitors; PCSK9 inhibitors breaks down LDLR reducing blood LDL

Front 28

Coronary heart disease (CAD)

Back 28

Cardiac arteries do not receive proper oxygenation; symptoms: hypertension, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, and myocardial infarction

Front 29

Arteriosclerosis

Back 29

A condition that results from thickening, loss of elasticity (hardening), and calcification of artery walls

Front 30

Artherosclerosis

Back 30

A symptom where artery walls thicken and harden due to fat buildup

Front 31

Angina pectoris

Back 31

Results from a decrease in cardiac blood flow, causing chest pain or a sense of pressure

Front 32

Three angina types

Back 32

Stable, variant, and unstable; stable angina mostly happens after excessive activity or emotional stress; variant angina can happen spontaneously and instead includes coronary artery spasms; unstable Angie can occur at rangina and can be a sign of an impending heart attack

Front 33

Thrombosis

Back 33

Formation of a vessel clot blocking blood flow

Front 34

Embolus

Back 34

A blood clot that broke off from the thrombulus and creates a blockage somewhere elsr

Front 35

Coagulation

Back 35

Blood clotting; normal for the body to do for injuries

Front 36

Anticoagulant

Back 36

Stops coagulation; ex. warfarin and heparin

Front 37

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Back 37

Heart muscle death i.e heart attck

Front 38

Transient ischemic attacks

Back 38

Caused by asphyxiation; similar to strokes, but is much shorter, usually with no loss of function

Front 39

Symptoms of TIA and strokes

Back 39

Vision or hearing problems, weakness on one or both sides of the body, dizziness, slurred speech, and sudden, severe headache

Front 40

Two types of strokes

Back 40

Ischemic (clot) and hemorrhagic (bleeding) strokes; hemorrhagic strokes happen when weakened vessels, or aneurysms, in the brain rupture, letting blood flow into areas of brain

Front 41

Dysrhythmia

Back 41

Irregular heartbeat