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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What at the 3 layers of the heart? |
Inner (endocardium) Middle (myocardium) Outer (epicardium) |
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What is the division between the atria called? |
Interatrial septum |
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What is the division between the ventricles called? |
Interventricular septum |
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Name all the valves of the heart in order of blood flow from RA to Aorta... |
Tricuspid, pulmonic (semi lunar) bicuspid/mitral, aortic (semilunar) |
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The valves of the heart are held in place by ______ which attach to _______ on the ventricular wall? |
Chordae Tendineae Papillary muscles |
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Outpouchings of the atria are called the ______ |
Auricles/atrial appendages |
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Heart sound 1 (lub) is caused by.... |
Closure of the AV valve, turbulence of blood splashing back from the ventricles |
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Heart sound 2 (dub) is caused by.... |
Closure of semilunar valves, blood turbulence in ventricles as blood leaves |
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What are the abnormal heart sounds commonly seen in horses (which are actually normal for horses) |
S3 + S4 |
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What are the 5 stages of the cardiac cycle? |
Atrial systole, isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular systole, isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, ventricular diastole |
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Where does the foetus receive oxygenated blood from? And through what vessel? |
Allantois. Through umbilical vein. |
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Where does the foetus receive oxygenated blood from? And through what vessel? |
Allantois. Through umbilical vein. |
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Blood islands develop from which type of cells from which embryonic layer? |
Haemangioblasts from splanchnic mesoderm |
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Blood islands develop structures with 3 cell types... |
Mesenchymal centre, endothelial lining with smooth muscle walls |
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The sinus venosus of the cardiac tube becomes the _____ |
Right atrium |
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The atrium of the cardiac tube becomes the ____ |
Atrial appendages |
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The ventricle of the cardiac tube becomes the _____ |
Left ventricle |
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The bulbus cordis becomes the _____ |
Right ventricle |
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The aorta and pulmonary arteries develop from the cranial end of the cardiac tube, called the ________ |
Truncus arteriosus |
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Which cavity extends to form the pericardial cavity? |
Coelomic |
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During the foetal stage the heart is attached by ventral and dorsal __________ until the cavity is complete |
Mesocardium |
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Initial folding of the cardiac tube (rubber duck) initiates formation of the atria by formation of the... |
Endocardial cushions - which becomes the septum intermedium |
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What happens after the septum intermedium is formed? (5 points) |
1. Septum primum forms 2. Foramen primum present 3. Septum secundum forms 4. Foramen primum closes 5. Foramen secundum forms in septum primum |
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Sinus venosus becomes which 3 structures? |
Vena cava, coronary sinus, and smooth part of right atrium |
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The blood islands form the ______ ______ |
Dorsal Aortae |
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Cavitation of what forms the coelom of the early cardiac tube? |
Mesoderm |
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Coeloms fuse to what in the embryo to initialise cardiac development? |
Neural plate |
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The endocardial tube develops from what structure? |
Cardiogenic plate ventral to the neural plate |
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The myocardium forms what structure that forms around the endocardial tube? |
Myoepicardial mantle |
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The foetal heart receives blood through which 3 vessels? |
Cardinal veins, vitelline veins, umbilical veins |
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What 2 structures dude together to form the cardiac tube? |
Dorsal aortae and endocardial tube |
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What structure fuses to the caudal end of the early cardiac tube? |
Vitelline veins |
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The dorsal aortae, when fused to the endocardial tube and vitelline veins, fuse to form what structure? |
Common dorsal aorta |
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What are the two parts of the bulbus cordis? |
Dilated part becomes the common ventricle, the other part becomes the conus cordis |
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AAA 3,4,6 form what structures? |
3 - carotids 4 - R SubClav, Arch of Aorta 6 - pulmonaries |
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How do valve cusps form? |
Mesenchymal proliferation |
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What structure forms to separate the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus? |
Aortico pulmonary septum. Spiralising bulbar ridges |
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How many pairs of aortic arch arteries are there? |
6 |
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The R - 4 A.A.A becomes the _____ |
Right subclavian artery |
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Pair 3 A.A.A become the ______ |
Common carotid arteries |
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The aorta forms from the ______ |
Left AAA 4 |
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The pulmonary arteries form from the ______ |
6th AAA pairs |
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3rd and 4th portions of the AAA fuse to form the ______ |
Brachiocephalic trunk |
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In dogs and pigs the L SubClav comes off the _______ whereas in horses and cattle it comes off the _______ brachiocephalic trunk |
Aortic arch Brachiocephalic trunk |
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What are the two parts of the bulbus cordis? |
Dilated part becomes the common ventricle, the other part becomes the conus cordis |
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AAA 3,4,6 form what structures? |
3 - carotids 4 - R SubClav, Arch of Aorta 6 - pulmonaries |
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How do valve cusps form? |
Mesenchymal proliferation |
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What structure forms to separate the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus? |
Aortico pulmonary septum. Spiralising bulbar ridges |
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How many pairs of aortic arch arteries are there? |
6 |
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The R - 4 A.A.A becomes the _____ |
Right subclavian artery |
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Pair 3 A.A.A become the ______ |
Common carotid arteries |
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The aorta forms from the ______ |
Left AAA 4 |
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The pulmonary arteries form from the ______ |
6th AAA pairs |
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3rd and 4th portions of the AAA fuse to form the ______ |
Brachiocephalic trunk |
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In dogs and pigs the L SubClav comes off the _______ whereas in horses and cattle it comes off the _______ brachiocephalic trunk |
Aortic arch Brachiocephalic trunk |
