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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chest discomfort assessments
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how various types of chest pain differ
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ANGINA
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onset: sudden, usually in response to exertion, emotion, or extremes, in temperature
quality & severity: squeezing, viselike pain location & radiation: substernal; may spread across the chest and the back and/or down the arms duration & relieving factors: usually the left side of chest w/o radiation |
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
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onset: sudden, w/o precipitation factors, often in early morning
quality & severity: intense stabbing, viselike pain/pressure, severe location & radiation: substernal; may spread throughout the anterior chest & arms, jaw, back, neck duration & relieving factors: usually takes <15min; relieved with rest, nitrates, or O2 therapy |
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PERICARDITIS
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onset: sudden
quality & severity: sharp, stabbing, moderate to severe location & radiation: substernal; usually spreads to the left side or back duration & relieving factors: intermittent; relieved with sitting upright, analgesia, anti-inflammatory agents |
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PLEUROPULMONARY
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onset: variable
quality & severity: moderate ache, worse on inspiration location & radiation: lung fields duration & relieving factors: continuous until the underlying condition is treated or the pt has rested |
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ESOPHAGEAL-GASTRIC
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onset: variable
quality & severity: squeezing, hearthburn, variable severity location & radiation: substernal; may spread to the shoulders or abdomen duration & relieving factors: variable; may be relieved with antacids, food intake, sitting position |
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ANXIETY
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onset: variable; may be in response to stress or fatigue
quality & severity: dull ache to sharp stabbing; may be associated w/ finger numbness location & radiation: usually last 30mins or longer or is relieved with opioids duration & relieving factors: usually lasts a few mins |
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Grading of Heart Murmurs
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Grade I
Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V Grade VI |
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Grade I
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Very faint
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Grade II
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Faint but recognizable
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Grade III
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Loud but moderate in intensity
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Grade IV
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Loud and accompanied by a palpable thrill
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Grade V
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Very loud, accompanied by a palpable thrill, and audible with the stethoscope partially off the patient's chest
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Grade VI
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Extremely loud, accompanied by a palpable thrill, may be heard with the stethoscope slightly above the patient's chest
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Complications of Cardiac Catheterization
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Right-Sided Heart Catheterization
Left-Sided Heart Catheterization and Coronary Arteriography Right-sided or Left-sided Heart Catheterization |
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Right-Sided Heart Catheterization
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Thrombophlebitis
Pulmonary embolism Vagal response |
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Left-Sided Heart Catheterization and Coronary Arteriography
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Myocardial infarction
Stroke Arterial bleeding or thromboembolism Dysrhythmias |
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Right-sided or Left-sided Heart Catheterization
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Cardiac tamponade
Hypovolemia Pulmonary edema Hematoma or blood loss at insertion site Reaction to contrast medium |
