Cardiothoracic Test 7-07

Front 1

SMALL AIR SACS FOUND IN THE TERMINAL ENDS OF THE BRONCHIOLES, THROUGH WHICH OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE ARE EXCHANGED DURING RESPIRATION

Back 1

ALVEOLI

Front 2

ABSCENCE OF CARDIAC RHYTHM

Back 2

ARRHYTHMIA

Front 3

THE ABSENCE OF A HEARTBEAT; CARDIAC STANDSTILL

Back 3

ASYSTOLE

Front 4

A SMALL, MUSCULAR, EAR-SHAPED PORTION OF THE ATRIUM

Back 4

ATRIAL APPENDAGE

Front 5

COMMONLY REFERS TO THE VALVE BETWEEN THE LEFT ATRIUM AND THE LEFT VENTRICLE.

Back 5

BICUSPID VALVE

Front 6

A SMALL TUBE MADE FROM SOFT VINYL OR PLASTIC. IT'S THREADED OVER THE ENDS OF AN UMBILICAL TAPE OR SUTURE TIE THAT'S PLACED AROUND A VESSEL. A RUMEL TOURNIQUET IS AN EXAMPLE OF ONE.

Back 6

BOLSTER

Front 7

THE INTENTIONAL STOPPING OF THE HEART DURING CARDIAC SURGERY. IT'S PERFROMED WITH A SOLUTION THAT OFTEN CONTAINS A MIX OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, LIDOCAINE, DEXTROSE, INSULIN, ALBUMIN, TROMETHAMINE, AND PLASMANATE.

Back 7

CARDIOPLEGIA

Front 8

A CONGENITAL NARROWING OR STRICTURE IN THE DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA

Back 8

COARCTATION

Front 9

A SURGICALINCISION INTO A BAN OF TISSUE THAT CONNECTS TWO ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES. IN THE HEART THE VALVES MAY BE BANDED TOGETHER BY SCAR TISSUE.

Back 9

COMMISSUROTOMY

Front 10

ABNORMAL CARDIAC RHYTHM

Back 10

DYSRHYTHMIA

Front 11

A MEDICATION THAT STIMULATES THE HEART MUSCLE AND PRODUCES VASOCONSTRICTION

Back 11

EPINEPHRINE (OR ADRENALINE)

Front 12

A CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIA IN WHICH THE HEART CEASES TO PUMP AND INSTEAD QUIVERS AND UNDULATES. THIS RESULTS IN CARDIAC STANDSTILL AND STASIS OF BLOOD IN THE HEART.

Back 12

FIBRILLATION

Front 13

INCLUDES EVERYTHING THAT OCCURS WITHIN THE HEART DURING A SINGLE HEARTBEAT

Back 13

CARDIAC CYCLE

Front 14

A FETAL BLOOD VESSEL THAT JOINS THE AORTA AND PULMONARY ARTERY

Back 14

DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Front 15

AN ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COVERS THE ENDS OF BONES, SUPPORTS THE TRACHEA AND LARYNX, AND CONNECTS THE RIBS TO THE STERNUM. IT'S COVERED BY THE PERICHONDRIUM AND CALCIFIES AS THE INDIVIDUAL AGES.

Back 15

HYALINE CARTILAGE

Front 16

AN AREA OF DEAD TISSUE CAUSED BY AN INADEQUAE SUPPLY OF OXYGENATED BLOOD.

Back 16

INFARCATION

Front 17

ACCUMULATION OR DIFFUSION OF A FOREIGN SUBSTANCE INTO TISSUE

Back 17

INFILTRATE

Front 18

A THIN SEROUS SAC THAT SURROUNDS THE HEART, IT CONSISTS OF A SEROUS AND FIBROUS LAYER

Back 18

PERICARDIUM

Front 19

OUTER TISSUE LAYER OF THE HEART THAT PROVIDES PROTECTION

Back 19

EPICARDIUM

Front 20

TO FALL OR SLIP OUT OF ANATOMICAL POSITION

Back 20

PROLAPSE

Front 21

WHAT DOES PVC STAND FOR?

Back 21

PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

Front 22

CONTRACTION OF THE VENTRICLE THAT OCCURS BEFORE IT IS EXPECTED IN A NORMAL SERIES OF CARDIAC CYCLES

Back 22

PVC

Front 23

BACKWARD FLOW OF FLUID, THE OPPOSITE OF NORMAL DIRECTION

Back 23

REGURGITATION

Front 24

1)DEVICE INSERTED TO SUPPORT LUMINOUS STRUCTURES WHILE STILL ALLOWING PASSAGE OF FLUIDS. 2)EXTERNAL DEVICE APPLIED TO SECURE A SKIN GRAFT OFR DRESSING IN PLACE.

Back 24

STENT

Front 25

REPRESENTS THE CONTRACTION PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

Back 25

SYSTOLE

Front 26

PERTAINS TO THE RESTING PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

Back 26

DIASTOLE

Front 27

A TYPE OF ANERYSM THAT INVOLVES THE ENTIRE CIRCUMFERENCE OF A BLOOD VESSEL

Back 27

FUSIFORM ANEURYSM

Front 28

AN ANTICOAGULANT MED.

Back 28

HEPARIN

Front 29

A CONDITION OF REDUCED BLOOD SUPPLY IN A LOCALIZED AREA, OFTEN CAUSED BY NARROWING OF THE BLOOD VESSEL SUPPLYING THE TISSUE

Back 29

ISCHEMIA

Front 30

MED. USED TO REDUCE VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS.

Back 30

LIDOCAINE(XYLOCAINE)

Front 31

SURGICAL REMOVAL OF ONE OR MORE LOBES OF THE LUNG

Back 31

LOBECTOMY

Front 32

PROCEDURE PERFORMED WITHOUT A CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Back 32

OFF-PUMP PROCEDURE

Front 33

A DEVIE THAT GENERATES ELECTI=RICAL IMPULSES THAT STIMULATE THE HEART MUSCLE TO CONTRACT AT A PREDETERMINED RATE

Back 33

PACEMAKER

Front 34

FLUID LYING BETWEEN THE VISCERAL AND PARIETAL MEMBRANES THAT PROVIDES LUBRICATION TO THE TISSUES, THEREBY REDUCING FRICTION TO THE TISSUES

Back 34

PERICARDIAL FLUID

Front 35

THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF ONE LUNG

Back 35

PNEUMONECTOMY

Front 36

PROCESS OF SOAKING A GRAFT OR SYNTHETIC PATCH MATERIAL IN THE PATIENT'S BLOOD OR PLASMA BEFORE INSERTION.

Back 36

PRECLOTTING

Front 37

MED. THAT REVERSES THE ANTICOAGULATION EFFECTS OF HEPARINE

Back 37

PROTAMINE SULFATE

Front 38

A HEART VALVE THAT IS UNABLE TO CLOSE TIGHTLY, THEREBY ALLOWING LEAKING OF BLOOD INTO THE HEART CHAMBER FROM WHICH IT CAME

Back 38

REGURGITANT VALVE

Front 39

A TYPE OF ANEURYSM IN WHICH A SACLIKE FORMATION WITH A NARROW NECK PROJECTS FROM THE SIDE OF THE ARTERY

Back 39

SACCULAR ANEURYSM

Front 40

IT CAN BE A BLOOD VESSEL OR TUBE THAT CARRIES THE BLOOD FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER. IN THIS PROCEDURE, THE EXISTING ROUTE OF BLOOD IS CHANGED OR A VESSEL IS REMOVED AND A SYNTHETIC GRAFT IS IMPLANTED.

Back 40

SHUNT

Front 41

THE NARROWING OF A CARDIAC VALVE OR LUMEN OF A BLOOD VESSEL

Back 41

STENOSIS

Front 42

AN INCISION MADE INTO THE STERNUM

Back 42

STERNOTOMY

Front 43

A TEMPORARY LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS CAUSED BY AN INTERRUPTION OR DECREASE IN THE FLOW OF BLOOD TO THE BRAIN.

Back 43

SYNCOPE

Front 44

A HEMOSTAT (OR OTHER CLAMP) PLACED ON THE ENDS OF TRACTION SUTURE, UMBILICAL TAPE, OR VESSEL LOOP TO HOLD THE ENDS TOGETHER.

Back 44

TAG

Front 45

1)ACCUMULATION OF BLOOD WITHIN THE PERICARDIUM THAT COMPRESSES THE OUTER WALLS OF THE HEART AND PREVENTS ADEQUATE INTRAVENTRICULAR FILLING OF THE HEART. A CHEST TUBE MUST BE INSERTED, OR THE CHEST OPENED, FOR THE BLOOD SURROUNDING THE HEART TO BE DRAINED. 2)PATHOLOGICAL COMPRESSION OF AN ANATOMICAL PART.

Back 45

TAMPONADE

Front 46

INCISION IN THE CHEST WALL FOR THE PURPOS OF DRAINAGE.

Back 46

THORACOSTOMY

Front 47

AN INCISION MADE INTO THE THORACIC CAVITY

Back 47

THORACOTOMY

Front 48

THE HEART VALVE FOUND BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND THE RIGHT VENTRICLE

Back 48

TRICUSPID VALVE

Front 49

THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF A SECTION OF A LOBE OF THE LUNG

Back 49

WEDGE RESECTION

Front 50

THE THORACIC CAVITY CONTAINS WHAT AREAS AND ANATOMIC STRUCTURES?

Back 50

HEART AND IT GREAT VESSEL, LUNGS AND ASSOCIATED RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES, THE MEDIASTINUM, AND PORTION OF THE ESOPHAGUS

Front 51

WHAT IS THE ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE THAT PROVIDES DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF INTRATHORACIC LYMPH NODES?

Back 51

MEDIASTINOSCOPY

Front 52

NAME THE 3 PARTS OF THE STERNUM

Back 52

MANUBRIUM, BODY, AND XIPHOID PROCESS

Front 53

DESCRIBE THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME. WHAT CAUSES IT?

Back 53

REFERS TO A VARIETY OF SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPRESSION OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS NERVE COMPLEX AND SUBCLAVIAN VESSELS AT THE SUPERIOR APERTUREOF THE THORAX; MAY BE CAUSED BY A DROOPING SHOULDER GIRDLE, ADVENTITIOUS FIBROUS BAND, CERVICAL RIB, CONTINUAL HYPERABDUCTION OF THE ARM, OR MOST COMMONLY, AND ABNORMAL FIRST RIB.

Front 54

DEFINE THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE LUNGS AND THEIR FUNCTION.

Back 54

PLEURAL CAVITY: ENCLOSES EACH LUNG, HILUM: POINT WHERE LG. VESSELS AND PRIMARY BRONCHI ENTER LUNG, APEX: LOCATED AT UPPER PORTION OF LUNG ABOVE CLAVICLE, BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENTS (OR LOBES): 3 ON RIGHT LUNG, 2 ON LEFT, PLEURA: 2 LAYERED MEMBRANE SURROUNDING EACH LUNG, PLEURAL FLUID: FILLS SPACES BETWEEN PLEURA, BRONCHI: 2 MAIN BRANCHES DERIVED FROM TRACHEA THAT ENTER LUNGS, ALVEOLI: TERMINAL END OF THE BRONCHIOLES WHERE O2 AND CO2 ARE EXCHANGED IN RESPIRATION

Front 55

WHAT ARE KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN SETTING UP A THORACIC WATER-SEAL CHEST TUBE DRAINAGE SYSTEM?

Back 55

NEVER TAKE THE SYSTEM ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE PATIENT OR DISCONNECT THE SUCTION UNTIL IMMEDIATELY BEFORE TRANSPORT

Front 56

DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF A WATER-SEAL CHEST DRAINAGE SYSTEM USING 2 CHEST TUBES?

Back 56

2 ARE REQUIRED IN ONE OR BOTH PLEURA AND MAY BE JOINED BY A Y CONNECTOR AND ARE THEN ATTACHED TO A CLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM WITH 3 COMPARTMENTS. (THE SYSTEM USES WATER IN THE COLLECTION UNIT TO PREVENT AIR FROM REENTERING THE PLEURAL SPACE, THEREBY MAINTAINING THE NEGATIVE PRESSURE NECESSARY EFFECTIVE RESPIRATION)

Front 57

THE 3 BASIC APPROACHES USED FOR THORACIC SURGERY ARE...

Back 57

OPEN, ENDOSCOPIC, AND VIDEO ASSISTED

Front 58

LIST THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CHOICE OF INCISIONS FOR THORACIC SURGERY

Back 58

THE PROCEDURE ITSELF AND WHAT ANATOMY WILL BE INVOLVED

Front 59

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRONCHOSCOPY AND MEDIASTINOSCOPY?

Back 59

BRONCHOSCOPE IS FOR DIAGNOSIS/DETECTION OF BRONCHIAL TUMORS AND MEDIASTINOSCOPY IS USED TO EXAMINE MASSES OF LYMPH TISSUE (NODAL INVOLVEMENT OF LUNG CARCINOMA).

Front 60

WHAT MAJOR ARTERIES AND VEINS ARE CLAMPED, LIGATED, AND DIVIDED WHEN PERFORMING PNEUMONECTOMY?

Back 60

THE MAJOR VESSELS: BRONCHUS, PULMONARY ARTERY, SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PULMONARY VEINS.

Front 61

EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A LOBECTOMY AND A PNEUMONECTOMY.

Back 61

LOBECTOMY IS THE REMOVAL OF A LOBE OF THE LUNG TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF METASTATIC CANCER OR TO TREAT A BENIGN TUMOR. A PNEUMONECTOMY IS REMOVAL OF AN ENTIRE LUNG TO DEBULK OR REDUCE THE SIZE OF A MALIGNANT TUMOR & SLOW THE SPREAD OF CANCER.

Front 62

THE PRIMARY REASON FOR PERFORMING A PNEUMONECTOMY IS TO TREAT WHAT?

Back 62

CANCER

Front 63

WHAT IS A TRACHEOTOMY AND WHY IS IT PERFORMED? WHAT ARE THE 3 TUBING PARTS? THE AVG. ADULT SIZE?

Back 63

TRACHEOTOMY IS PERFORMED TO PROVIDE A PATENT AIRWAY FOR THE PATIENT. IT'S A SURGICAL OPENING IN THE TRACHEA TO MAKE BREATHING EASIER. THE 3 PRTS. ARE THE OUTER CANNULA, INNER CANNULA, AND OBTURATOR. THE AVG. SIZE IS 5-8.

Front 64

WHAT IS THE PHYSIOLOGY OF A SUCKING CHEST WOUND?

Back 64

AN EXTERNAL TRAUMA, WOUND THAT PENETRATES THE CHEST WALL AND MAY PUNCTURE THE LUNG, IS CALLED AN OPEN PNEUMOTHORAX OR A SUCKING CHEST WOUND. EXAMPLES WOULD BE A STAB WOUND OR BULLET WOUND.

Front 65

WHAT IS A THYMECTOMY? IT IS PERFORMED TO RELIEVE THE SYMPTOMS OF WHAT DISEASE?

Back 65

THYMECTOMY IS THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE THYMUS GLAND. IT IS PERFORMED FOR PATIENTS WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS.

Front 66

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF INSERTING A DOUBLE-LUMEN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE DURING A THORACOTOMY?

Back 66

THE THORAX CANNOT BE INSUFFLATED FOR EXPANSION; THEREFORE, DOUBLE-LUMEN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES THAT SINGLE-LUNG VENTILATION AND COLLAPSE OF THE LUNG ON THE AFFECTED SIDE.

Front 67

WHAT IS EMPYEMA? WHAT PROCEDURE IS PERFORMED TO TREAT EMPYEMA?

Back 67

AN ABNORMAL CONDITION OF BLOOD OR PUS FROM A CHEST INJURY THAT'S NOT PROPERLY DRAINED FROM THE PLEURAL CAVITY. TREATMENT WOULD BE THORACOSTOMY.

Front 68

LIST 2 RIB RETRACTORS

Back 68

ANKENEY STERNAL RETRACTOR & HINNELSTEIN STERNAL RETRACTOR

Front 69

GRASPING/HOLDING INSTRUMENTS TO GRASP THE LUNG AND OTHER DELICATE TISSUES IN THE THORACIC CAVITY

Back 69

SAROT, LEE, DUVAL, SEMB

Front 70

COMMONLY USED SUTURE STAPLING INSTRUMENT FOR LUNG BIOPSY?

Back 70

GIA-AN ENDOSCOPIC LINEAR STAPLER

Front 71

FINOCHIETTO RIB RETRACTOR

Back 71

NAME INST.

Front 72

SATINSKY CLAMP

Back 72

NAME INST.

Front 73

SAROT CLAMP

Back 73

NAME INSTRUMENT