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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The coronary sulcus is a groove that....
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Marks the border between the atria and ventricles
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The pectinate muscles are...
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prominent muscular ridges that run along the surface of the auricles.
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Contractions of the papillary muscles...
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prevent the A-V valves from reversing into the atria
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The visceral pericardium is the same as the...
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epicardium
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A function of the pericardium includes...
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anchoring the heart to surrounding structures.
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The function of the atrium is to...
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collect blood
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Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has the following characteristics....
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1. has a thicker wall
2. relaxes more slowly 3. develops higher pressures 4. produces 6-7 times more force when it contracts |
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The coronary sulcus is a groove that....
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Marks the border between the atria and ventricles
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The heart wall is composed of_____ layers of tissues.
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Three
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The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the______ arteries.
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Coronary
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The pectinate muscles are...
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prominent muscular ridges that run along the surface of the auricles.
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Ther marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the...
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right coronary artery
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Contractions of the papillary muscles...
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prevent the A-V valves from reversing into the atria
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The circumflex branch and the anterior descending artery are branches of the...
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left coronary artery
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The visceral pericardium is the same as the...
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epicardium
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The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the...
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coronary sinus
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A function of the pericardium includes...
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anchoring the heart to surrounding structures.
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The function of the atrium is to...
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collect blood
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The heart is innervated by ______ nerves.
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sympathetic
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Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has the following characteristics....
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1. has a thicker wall
2. relaxes more slowly 3. develops higher pressures 4. produces 6-7 times more force when it contracts |
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In cardiac muscle, the depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of...
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increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
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The heart wall is composed of_____ layers of tissues.
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Three
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The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to...
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the calcium channels remaining open longer than the sodium channels
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The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the______ arteries.
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Coronary
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The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the...
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right coronary artery
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The circumflex branch and the anterior descending artery are branches of the...
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left coronary artery
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The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the...
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coronary sinus
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The heart is innervated by ______ nerves.
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sympathetic
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In cardiac muscle, the depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of...
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increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
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The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to...
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the calcium channels remaining open longer than the sodium channels
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In cardiac muscle...
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at least half of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.
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The pace established by the SA node depends on what?
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1. extracellular concentration of potassium ion
2. extracellular concentration of calcium ion 3. temperature of the body 4. type and amount of neurotransmitter present. |
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Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an EKG by the...
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QRS complex
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The T wave on the EKG tracing represents...
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ventricular repolarization
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The first heart sound is heard when the...
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AV valves close
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During the isovolumetric phase of ventricular systole, the...
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AV valves and semilunar valves are closed.
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During the cardiac cycle, the...QRS complex of the EKG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the...
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stroke volume
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According to Starling's law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the...
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venous return
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Increased venous blood flow to the right atrium causes...
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1. cells of the SA node to depolarize faster
2. will result in increased heart rate 3. triggers the atrial(Bainbridge)reflex |
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Drugs known as beta blockers will...
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decrease heart rate
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The heart beats app ________ times a day.
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100,000 times
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The heart pumps app_______ liters of blood each day.
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8,000
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The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the beating of the heart is known as...
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cardiac tamponade
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The connective tissue of the epicardium at the interventricular and coronary sulci generally contains...
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fat
arteries veins |
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Intercalated discs convey the force of contraction from cell to cell and propagate...
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action potentials
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There are ____ pulmonary veins.
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four
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The right and left coronary artery delivers blood to the myocardium. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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Blood is supplied to the left atrium via the...
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left coronary artery
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A heartbeat lasts app_____ msec.
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370msec
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Most of the cells of the conducting system are smaller than the contractile cells of the myocardium and contain few myofibrils. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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Depolarization of the atria corresponds directly to the EKG's...
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P wave
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Tetanic muscle contractions cannot occur in a normal cardiac muscle cell because...
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the refractory period lasts until the muscle cell relaxes.
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The right atrium forms the right border of the heart. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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The wall of the right ventricle forms most of the inferior border of the heart. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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The anterior surface of the heart primarily consists of the right atrium and right ventricle. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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Deep grooves and folds on the inner surface of the ventricles are called...
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trabeculae carnae
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The cells responsible for establishing the rate of a cardiac contraction are the...
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nodal cells
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The cardiac reserve is the difference between the resting and maximal cardiac output. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in the...
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presence of striations
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As a result of the long refractory period, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit...
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tetany
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The concentration of calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum is grater in skeletal muscle compared with cardiac muscle. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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Drugs known as calcium channel blockers can be used to...
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decrease the force of cardiac contraction.
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List 4 enzymes found in the blood following a myocardial infarction.
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1. LDH
2. SGOT 3. MB-CK 4. CPK |
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The number of action potentials/min spontaneously generated by the SA node is greater than those generated by the AV node. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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Stroke volume when extracellular calcium ion concentrations are high is greayer with respect to when concentrations are low. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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Heart rate is greater when norepinephrine is released at the SA node, then when acetylcholine is released at the SA node. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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The conduction velocity along a purkinje fiber is greater then the velocity along a normal myocardial fiber. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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The amount of intracellular calcium ions in cardiac muscle after beta receptors are stimulated, is greater than after muscarinic receptors are stimulated. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE
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The pulmonary trunk is attached to the aortic arch by the...
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ligamentum arteriosum
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If the membrane of the cardiac muscle cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the...
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heart rate will decrease
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What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on cardiac function/
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sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase.
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When parasympathetic stimulation of the heart is increased, the end systolic volume is increased. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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When stroke volume is increased, venous return is increased. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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Manganese ion blocks the calcium channels in the cardiac muscle membrane. How would the presence of manganese in the ECF affect the contraction of the heart muscle?
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The heart would beat less forcefully.
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Can a severe mitral valve prolapse cause fluid congestion in the lungs/
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Yes.
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if there is a blockage between the AV node and the AV bundle, how will this affect the appearance of the EKG?
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There will be more P waves than QRS complexes.
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