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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The movement of gas molecules from an area of relatively high concentration of gas to one of low concentration is considered?
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Diffusion.
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If the temperature remains constant, pressure will vary inversely to volume is considered?
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Boyle's Law.
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The behavior of gases surrounding the earth is described in a mathematical relationship as PV=nRT, what is this?
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Ideal Gas Law.
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What is the Boyle's Law equation?
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P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
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If an airtight container, which has a volume of 200mL and a pressure of 10 cm H2O, has its volume reduced to 50%(100mL), what is the new pressure in the container? (Show work)
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10 cm H2O x 200 mL/100 mL=
20 cm H2O. |
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If an airtight container which has a volume of 55 mL and a pressure of 75 cm H2O has its volume increased to 110 mL what is the new pressure in the container? (show work)
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55 mL x 75 cm H2O/110 mL=
37.5 cm H2O. |
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If pressure remains constant, volume and temperature will vary directly is considered?
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Charles' Law.
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What is the Charles' Law equation?
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V1/T1 = V2/T2.
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If the temperature of the gas in a 3-liter balloon is increased from 250 to 300 K(Kelvin), what is the resulting volume of the balloon? (show work)
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3 L/250 K=V2/300K
(300 K) 3 L/250 K= V2= 3.6 L |
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Change Charles' Law equation to a multiplication equation.
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V2= V1 x T2/T1.
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If the temperature of an automobile tire which has 4.5-liters of air in it is increased from 32 degrees Celsius to 42 degrees Celsius, what is the new volume of air in the tire? (show work)
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4.5 L x 42 degrees Celsius/32 degrees Celsius= 5.9 L.
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If the volume remains constant, pressure and temperature will vary directly is considered what?
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Gay-Lussac's Law.
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What is Gay-Lussac's Law equation?
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P1/T1 = P2/T2.
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Make Gay-Lussac's Law into a multiplication equation.
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P2 = P1 x T2/T1
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If the temperature of the gas in a closed container, having a pressure of 50 cm H2O, is increased from 275 to 375 K, what is the resulting pressure in the container?(show work)
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50 cm H2O x 375 K/275 K=
18,750/275= 68 cm H2O. |
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If the temperature of the gas in a closed container which has a pressure of 46 cm H2O is decreased from 40 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius, what is the new pressure in the container? (show work)
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46 cm H2O x 30 degrees Celsius/ 40 degrees Celsius=
34.5 cm H2O. |
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In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each separate gas is called?
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Dalton's Law.
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Dalton's Law is expressed as?
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Gas A + Gas B = Gas A + B
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The following gases and their respective pressures are enclosed in a container: Nitrogen 470 mm Hg, Oxygen 130 mm Hg & Carbon Dioxide 50 mm Hg. According to Dalton's Law, what is the total pressure in the container?(show work)
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470 + 130 + 50 = 650 mm Hg.
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The atmospheric gases that surround the earth exert a force on the earth's surface, what is this called?
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Barometric Pressure.
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At sea level, what is the barometric pressure?
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760 mm Hg.
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Does the barometric pressure increase or decrease with an increase of altitude?
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Decrease.
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When barometric pressure changes, does the percent concentration of atmospheric gases increase, decrease or stay the same?
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Stays the same at both high and low elevations.
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What is oxygen's partial pressure and approximate % of total atmosphere?
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159 mm Hg and 21%.
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Water vapor(molecular water) is a gas and exerts a partial pressure. What is the other name of this gas and what is the partial pressure?
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Humidity and 47 mm Hg.
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Alveolar gas will always be ______ at body temperature?
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100% saturated.
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No matter where water vapor comes from, the pressure will be ______ in the alveoli?
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47 mm Hg.
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Because alveolar gas is 100% saturated(humidified) at body temperature, the alveolar gas is assumed to have an absolute humidity of ______ and a water vapor pressure of ______, regardless of the inspired air or where it comes from.
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44 mm Hg and 47 mm Hg.
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The ratio of the amount of oxygen that moves into the pulmonary capillary blood to the amount of carbon dioxide that moves out of the pulmonary blood and into the alveoli, is called?
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Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RR).
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What is the normal equation for the Respiratory Exchange Ratio(Respiratory Quotient)?
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200 mL/minute of carbon dioxide into alveoli/250 mL/minute of oxygen into pulmonary capillary blood which = 0.8.
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What is the Ideal Alveolar Air Equation?
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PAO2(Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Alveoli)=[PB(Barometric Pressure)-PH2O(Alveoli Water Vapor Pressure)]FIO2(Fraction of Inspired Oxygen)-PaCO2(Partial Pressure of arterial carbon dioxide)/0.8(RR).
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The reason the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is so much higher than the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is because?
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Alveolar oxygen must mix-or compete, in terms of partial pressures- with alveolar CO2 pressure(PACO2=40 mm Hg) and alveolar water vapor pressure(PH2O=47 mm Hg) which are not nearly as high in the atmosphere.
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If a patient is receiving an FIO2 of .70 on a day when the barometric pressure is 748 mm Hg, and if the PaCO2 is 50 mm Hg, what is the patient's alveolar oxygen tension(PAO2)?(show work)
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PAO2=[748 mm Hg- 47 mm Hg]0.70-50 mm Hg/0.8
PAO2=490.7-62.5 PAO2= 428.2 mm Hg. |
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What are the parts of the Alveolar-Capillary Membrane?
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Fluid layer(w/pulmonary surfactant), alveolar basement membrane, alveolar epithelium, capillary basement membrane, capillary endothelium, erythrocycte membrane, intracellular erythrocyte fluid, plasma and interstitial space.
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How thick is the Alveolar-Capillary Membrane?
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Between 0.36 and 2.5 micrometers.
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Define the Process of Diffusion.
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The passive movement of gas molecules from an area of high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure until both areas are equal in pressure, which is known as equilibrium.
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Through the Alveolar Air Equation, whatelse can be derived?
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The Alveolar-arterial gradient, P(A-a)O2 as well as the a/A Ratio, PaO2/PAO2.
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The Ideal Gas Exchange states that PAO2 should equal PaO2, but even in a normal healthy lung there is a difference of ____?
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5-10 mm Hg.
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What are the 2 factors that relate to the difference of 5-10 mm Hg in the PAO2 & PaO2?
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Anatomical Shunts and Respiratory Exchange Ratio.
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What does Anatomical Shunts mean?
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These are direct right to left shunts, where deoxygenated venous blood is diverted directly to oxygenated arterial blood, thereby lowering the total O2 content.
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What does the Respiratory Exchange Ratio assume?
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That ventilation and perfusion of the lung are equal.
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What is the ventilation/perfusion ratio and what does it mean?
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V w/dot over it/Q w/dot over it. For every 1 liter of alveolar ventilation there is 1 liter of pulmonary blood flow.
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Perfusion without ventilation is called?
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Deadspace.
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More perfusion and less ventilation produce _____?
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Shunt-like effects.
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What are the 2 types of shunts?
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Intrapulmonary(capillary) shunt and extrapulmonary(anatomical) shunt.
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Any degree of shunting will decrease oxygen in the arterial blood and cause _____?
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Hypoxemia.
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What is V/Q mismatching?
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Perfusion in excess of ventilation or perfusion but NO ventilation.
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What is Normal P(A-a)O2 equal to?
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5-10 mm Hg on 100% FIO2.
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What is Normal a/A O2 equal to?
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.75-.95 or 75-95%.
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A High V/Q or high V/ low Q is the same as having ventilation in excess of perfusion, which is also known as?
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Deadspace.
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A Low V/Q or Low V/ High Q is the same as perfusion in excess of ventilation, which is also known as?
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Shunting.
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Diseases directly caused by shunting are?
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Atelectasis and Consolidation.
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Diseases caused by Deadspace are?
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Pulmonary Embolist and Emphysema.
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O2 & CO2 Diffusion happens because of what?
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There is a Pressure Gradient.
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