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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epicardium?
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Outer layer and protects against trauma and infection
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Pericardium?
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Double layer sack around the heart.
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Endocardium?
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Inner most lining of heart. around ventricle.
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FEV1=
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83% of vital capacity
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FEV2=
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94% of vital capacity
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FEV3=
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97% of vital capacity
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COPD ?
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Tested with PFT. Pulmonary function test. FEV1/FEV
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Chronic Bronchitis?
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Loss of muco-cilliary clearance. Hypersecreation of mucus. Lungs keep air in alveolar and expand
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Emphysema?
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Damage to collagen & elastin fibers. Fibers keep lungs open and they don't open anymore.
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Hypercapnia?
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To much Carbon dioxide in blood
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Hypoxemia?
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To much oxygen in blood
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Cystic Fibrosis?
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Abnormal exocine gland secretion. Block ducts
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Asthma?
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Alpha 1 is turned on so smooth muscle shortens. Histamine spills out and causes swelling of wall.
1. smooth muscle cells constrict 2.edema of wall d/t histamine 3. increased mucus secreation |
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Incentive Spirometer patient uses a?
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Maximum inhalation.
Prevent Alveolar collapse. Used 3-4 times a day minimum. |
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S1 heart sound (LUB) is on? S/D? Valves?
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Systolic. Tricuspid & Mitral valve close.
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S2 heart sound (DUB) is on? Sys/Dias? Valves?
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Diastolic. Aortic & Pulmonic valves.
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Rescue breaths for infants?
Adults? |
12-20 per minute.
10-12 per minute. |
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Hypertension =? S/D?
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Over 140 over 90. 140/90 max.
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Resting cardiac output for males?
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5 liter per minute.
Males typically 10-20% higher than females Up to 25 liter per minute w/ exercise. |
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Diaphragmatic breathing position?
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Trunk elevated 45 degress (semi-fowler's)
Dominant hand should rise (on stomach) and non-dominant hand should have minimal movement(chest) |
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Ankle brachial index you dived?
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Higher Lever extremity / higher upper extermity
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Compressions to Ventilations on an adult is?
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30:2
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METS for
Toileting=? Showering= Walking at 4 mph= |
1-2
3.5-4 4.5-5.5 |
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Hematocrit changes with hydration.
ovehydrated= Dehydrated= |
Decrease
Increase |
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Tidal Volume=?
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500mL
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LDL Cholesterol norm?
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<100 mg/dL Optimal
160-189 mg/dL High |
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HDL Cholesterol norm?
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<40 mg/dL Low
>60 mg/dL High |
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Triglyceride norm?
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<150 mg/dL Desirable
200-499 mg/dL High >500 mg/dL Very high |
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Beta blockers for the heart?
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Decrease heart rate so oxygen demand decreases.
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Oral anticoagulant best measured with?
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Prothrombin time.
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Pursed-lip breathing improves ventilation by?
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decreasing respiratory rate and increasing tidal volume
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Stroke volume=
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60-80ml
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Cardiac output=
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Stroke volume and heart rate
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P wave?
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Atrial Depolarization (+)
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PR?
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Conduction from SA node to AV node.
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QRS?
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Ventricular depolarization/Atrial repolarization.
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QT?
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Both ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
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ST?
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Ventricles are depolarized after QRS segment.
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T?
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Ventricular repolarization
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Ankle-brachial index?
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.5=sever arterial disease, no exercise!
.7= moderate arterial disease, limited exercise 1= Great .9-1.1= acceptable Above 1.1=Rigid arteries |
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Ventricular fibrillation? Emergency?
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Yes. Can result in death within minutes
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Apical R & L upper lobes?
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Sitting
Lean back 30-40 Above clavicles |
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Posterior seg R upper?
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PRONE R side up
Bed horizontal, Head and shoulders on pillow Medial border R scapula |
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Posterior seg L upper?
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PRONE L side up
HOB elevated 45 on pillow Medial border L scapula |
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Lingual Left upper?
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SUPINE L side up
Foot of bed 12 inchs up (TRENDELENBURG POSIT) Between left axilla &left nipple. |
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Anterior seg R & L upper?
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SUPINE
Below clavicles |
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R middle lobe?
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SUPINE R up
Foot of bed elevated 12 inch Between axilla and R nipple |
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Superior L & R lower?
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PRONE
Below inferior border of L & R scapulae |
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Anterior Basal seg L & R lower?
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Supine
Feet elevated 18 inch Lower ribs on L & R side |
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Posterior basal seg L & R lower?
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Prone
Feet elevated 18 inch Lower ribs on L & R side of chest |
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Lateral basal seg lower lobes?
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SIDELYING
Feet elevated 18 inch Lower ribs Switch sides for other lobes |
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Vital capacity is?
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Maximal inspiration and expiration
4,000-5,000 mL Approximately 75% of Total lung volume |
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Tidal Volume?
ERV? IRV? Residual V? VC? |
10%
15% 50% 25% 75% |
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Ischemia?
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Restriction in blood supply
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Rhonchi?
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Low-pitched "snoring" or "gurgling"
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Pleural friction rub?
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Dry, crackling sound
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Stridor?
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Continous high-pitched wheeze. Insperation and experation.
Upper airway obstruction Can indicate emergency |
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BMI?
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<18.5 = underweight
18.5-24.9 = normal 25-29.9 = overweight >40 = Extreme obesity (class 3) |
