Cardiopulm_Physiology

Front 1

How is platelet production stimulate?

Back 1

When Plates dec.=fewer MPL receptors for TPO (constituitively made and abs by adeq. platelet number) causeing free TPO to increase, stims Stem Cells and Megakaryocytes

Front 2

MPL, the binder of TPO (to keep free TPO level down when platelets are in plenty) works through which communication System

Back 2

Jak/STAT (Jak2, Stat5)
& MAP Kinases

Front 3

Why do platelets have receptor for Collagen
--Which platelet Factors help with this

Back 3

When vessel damaged, the collagen is exposed and platelets can begin to work there
--think Thromboxane A2 & Serotonin----

Front 4

Describe Step 1 of Hemostasis

Back 4

Vascular Spasm (direct myogenic-NO neurons reqd.)
-Smooth MM. contracts indep.
-P.Factors Serotonin and Thromboxane A2 help
(serotonin may be impt for headache where vessels constrict)

Front 5

Describe Step 2 of Hemostasis (2 steps)

Back 5

Formation of a Platelet Plug--collagen exposed
1-VonWF-binds BETWEEN Plate Rec and Collagen.
2-Bind of Platelet Integrin Rec. to diff part of Collagen
=activation of platelet
-swelling and podocyts

Front 6

In Step 2, after platelets are activated, they contract (release Ca+ from ER) causing Granules to Leave and the Plates Stick to the Vessels and to Each other. What are two important factors in platelets for the stickiness

Back 6

Thromboxane A2 and ADP
--note, Thromboxane can be blocked by Aspirin (acetylminophen)

Front 7

What are 3 essential steps of Step 3 of Homeostasis. The Blood Coagulation Step resulting in Clot Retraction

Back 7

1. Formation of Prothrombi Activator
2. Activation of Thrombin
3. Creation of Fibrin from Fibrinogen (constituitively produced by liver, like TPO)

Front 8

Name & Describe Step 4 of hemostasis

Back 8

Repair of Damage
-PDGF--stims fibroblasts to grow in area
-Fibroblasts diff into smooth muscle and contract to close hole (note, bleeding may have ceased as early as end of step 2)

Front 9

Which Step do the following occur
-excess fluid in clot removed/clot solidified
--new platelets reqd to contract fibrin polymer

Back 9

These occur during Step 3--Blood Coagulation

-this is the clot retraction phase

Front 10

Which two factors are Required to get rid of the Clot

Back 10

1. Plasminogen --constituitively made by liver/floats inactively
2. tPA--Tissue Plasminogen Activator--released by damaged tissue.

note, circulating plasminogen stays inactive by inhibitio of tPA inhibitor in the blood)

Front 11

Fibrin form Fibrinogen is made via what

Back 11

Thrombin
--initially makes Fibrin,
Later, it chews up Fibrin clot indirectly via Plasmin

Front 12

How does Thrombin indirectly chew up Fibrin Cloat (which it initially helped form)?
What intermediate Pr/Factor is required

Back 12

Thrombin activates Protein C
Protein C INactivates tPA inhibitor (tissue plasminogen inhibitor)
activated tPA turns Plasminogen to Plasmin, which lyses Fibrin

Front 13

In un-injured Blood Vessel, name 3 features of membrane that prevent unwanted clot formation

Back 13

1. Smooth Surface prevents rupture of plates
2. Glycocalyx is neg, repels plates
3. Thrombomodulin

Front 14

List 4 Chemicals that limit clotting

Back 14

1. Fibrin, binds Thrombin, prevents it from working
2. Prostacyclin (PGI2)--vasodilates, limits Plate aggreg
3. Antithrombin III -- works as anticoagulant when thrombin binds to it
4. Heparin --from mast cells, inc. antithrombin efficacy.

Front 15

Most important part of hemostasis for stopping bleeding in small breaks

Back 15

Platelet Plug
(NOt the clot,which forms next)

Front 16

How can Fibrin, the stuff that makes clots, limit blood clotting?

Back 16

Fibrin binds thrombin. Thrombin cannot work then and will not further activate fibrinogen to form fibrin. This is the fate of 80+% of Thrombin once clot is formed