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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give Two Formulas to Measure Flow (Q)
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Q=delta P / Resistance (impt)
or, when considering Velocity Q = V x A -from Velocity=Q/A, where V is measured highest in great arteries/veins where cross sectional area, A, is smallest |
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How do you calculate Resistance
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R = 8*n*L / r^4 * pi
n=viscosity, L=length, r=radius |
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A vessel with greater compliance has more or less elasticity?
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Has Less, elasticity.
The less elastic, the more easily it is stretched -note, Veins are more compliant than arteries, and art have thicker elastic components. |
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When blood is pumped into a less compliant vessel, the pressure developed is ?
The blood will be pumped through quickly or slowly? |
Pressure will be High and blood is pumped through rapidly
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delta Volume /
delta Press. = what |
Compliance
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List a range of normal Pressure values for the following:
Aorta Pulmonary Arteries |
Aorta= 80 - 120 mmHG
Pulmonary A. = 10 - 25 |
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List a range of normal Pressure values for the following:
Large Arteries Capillaries |
Large Arteries= 75 - 130
Capillariess= 15 - 30 |
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How does a decrease in Arterial Compliance affect the Flow through Capillaries during Systole?
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During Systole, the entire Stroke Volume must flow through the Caps b/c no stretching/reserving of blood and Potential Elastic Energy occurs.
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How does a decrease in Arterial Compliance affect the Flow through Capillaries during Diastole?
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Unlike normal, there will be NO continued flow through capillaries during diastole, b/c of a Lack of Stored Blood/Potential Elastic Energy to keep pushing blood through once systole stops.
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What effect do non compliant vessels have on Systolic Pressure?
On Diastolic P.? |
Non compliance Increases Systolic P.
-Decreases Diastolic Pressure (all flow occurred during Systolic) |
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What effect does non compliance have on Pulse Pressure?
Give ex of clinical condition where this may occur |
It increases it, b/c Sys inc, and Diastole dec. Makes gap bigger, this gap is Pulse P.
--1. Arteriosclerosis |
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What is change in Systolic/Diastolic P if increase in SV?
Pulse Pressure? |
Both Systolic and Diastolic P Increase in Sys/Dias AND Pulse P.
Inc SV (given CO=SVxHR) causes inc in CO, = inc. BP |
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What is change in Systolic/Diastolic P if increase in Resistance?
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Inc R causes INcrease in both SYStolic and Diastolic Pressure, but Little Change in Pulse P.
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If Systolic P is determined to have gone up from non-compliance in arteries. And, Diastolic P has ALSO increased. Is this due to the Arteriosclerosis.
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NO. The Increased Diastolic P is due to increased Resistance. (arteriosclerosis/dec.compliance causes Diastolic P to DEC (there is no Pot. ElasticEngergy/Stored blood in arteries to continue coursing through after systole ends)
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Diastolic Pres. in Aorta and large Arteries is about?
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80 mmHG
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What is BP in arterioles
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66/60 mmHG
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What is systolic P in capillaries (systemic)
In Pulmonary Capillaries |
18
8 mmHG |
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What is P in Vena Cava?
Large Pulmonary A. BP? Large Pulmonary V. P. |
0-4 mmHG (filling R. Atrium
24/16 6 (when filling Left A.) |
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Ionotrophic Condition of the Heart and Preload both serve as functions for what?
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Stroke Volume
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Define and give formula for Ejection Fraction
--not ~60-70% may be normal?? |
= (SV)/(End Diastolic V)
ratio of blood pumped out of the ventricular chamber with each beat. Is influenced by several factors including Inotrophic Condition |
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Describe Vagus stimulation to the heart?
is this a + or - ____trophic effect |
Vagus is Parasymp innerv on SA and AV nodes. Causes a decreased rate of depolarization during phase 4 and slows HR.
Neg. Chronotrophic Effect |
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Increased/Denser High P. Baroreceptor firing has what effect on Sympathetic Tone
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Inc. Firing Decreases Sympathetic Tone. A resp to High BP is to dec. Sypms and Increase Para.
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These are responsible for increasing HR when Cardiac Preload is Increased
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Low Pressure BaroR.
When Preload Inc/ When Ventilation Inc, we want an Inc HR |
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As inc. amts of blood enter during diastole, the heart contracts more forcefully during systole. What is altered here? name for principle?
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Contractility is altered here. It is Intrinsic Regulation, aka, Frank-Starling Law.
-Contractility due to better alignment of thick/thin filaments |
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What is a dilated or enlarged Ventricle
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The result of chronic inc. preload recqd addition of sarcomeres in series so contractility can keep up/thick and thin fils not mis-aligned.
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Sypm Stim on beta-1 receptors exhibits what type of Regulation?
What does it alter? |
Extrinsic Regulation, alters Contractility with a Positive Inotrophic Effect.
--inc. intracellular Ca |
