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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sound heard at beginning of Isovolumic contraction is what?
Caused by what? |
S1 or Lub
P. in ventricles (increasing rapidly) pushes AV valves shut |
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S2 or Dub is heard when?
Which EKG pahses has just ended |
During Isovolumic Relaxation (steep drop in Ventricular P.)
--T wave just ended where P dips below Aortic causing SemiLunars to shut. |
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What causes splitting of S2
What is cause? |
When Pulmonic Valve shuts LATER than Aortic.
--occurs when greater V of Blood into R. Atrium during Inspiration |
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With Split S2, which sound is heard first?
Followed by? |
A2
aortic valve closure P2, pulmonic S.Lunar closure |
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At what point is S3 heard
Describe cause of S3 |
Heard at end of Isovolumic Relax where Ventricle P dips below Atrial P. causing AV valves to open.
Noise caused by larger Volume during rapid filling phase cause reverberations |
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Clincal cause for distinct S3 sound
(2) |
HYPER-trophic Cardiomyopathy
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy |
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When can S4 be appreciated?
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When atria contract causing last, sudden rush (note this IS after the (passive) rapid refill stage) into the Ventricles causing reverberation
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Where is Aortic Area best auscultated?
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Right, 2nd intercostal space
just lateral sternum |
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Where is Tricuspid (Right AV valve) best auscultated?
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Left, 4th intercostal space
just lateral to sternum |
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Where is Pulmonic Valve (SL) best auscultated
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Left, 2nd Intercostal Space,
just lateral to sternum (exact opposite of Aortic) |
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Where is Mitral Valve best auscultated
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Left, 5th Intercostal Space
under nipple |
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A systolic murmor is heard during what phase?
Between what two reverberating sounds |
Ejection phase
S1 and S2 |
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Usual causes of Systolic Murmur are:
Stenosis of _______ Valves or Regurg of ____ Valves |
Stenosis of Semilunar Valves (either)
Regurge of AV Valves (either) stenosis=incomplete opening regurg=incomplete closing |
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A diastolic murmor is heard during what phase?
Between what two sounds |
heard following S2
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Usual causes of Diastolic Murmur are:
Stenosis of _______ Valves or Regurg of ____ Valves |
Diastolic Murmor is either Mitral/Tricuspid AV Valve Stenosis
or Aortic/Pulmonic SemiLunar valve Regurge |
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Mitral Regurge has what effect on which Atria.
and on what ekg wave |
Mitral Regurge, during L. Vent. systole pushes blood back into L. Atria, which increases L.Atria preload and increases the 'v' wave
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Opening Snap is associated with what Murmor
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Mitral Stenosis murmur.
is opening of AV a little later than it should, snaps. |
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Mitral Stenosis has what effect on which Atria.
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Increases L. Atrial P. as blood has difficult time exiting through AV valve.
L Atrial P. being higher than L. Vent delays opening of Mitral Valve as well. Causes OSnap. --Note during filling, Atria&Vent. P should be same |
