Cardiomyopathy

Front 1

What is the ideology behind Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Back 1

1) Hypertension.
2) Idiopathic (unknown)
3) Hereditary (transmitted by dominant Gen.)
4) Common in African-Americans.

Front 2

What are the types of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Back 2

1) A.S.H (Asymmetrical Septal Hypertrophy)
2) I.H.S.S (Idiopathic Hypertrophy Sub-aortic Stenosis)
3) H.C.M (Hypertrophy Cardiomyopathy)
4) H.O.C.M (Hypertrophy Obstructive Cardiomyopathy)

Front 3

What is A.S.H?

Back 3

Is seen at the anterior septum (tick), bottom normal; doesn't affect mitral valve.

Front 4

What is the definition of I.H.S.S?

Back 4

1) L.V.O.T gets tick.
2) Right cusp is obstructed.
3) Causing S.A.M and sudden death.

Front 5

What is the definition of H.C.M?

Back 5

1) Symmetrical thickness of the ventricles.
2) CO will be diminished.
3) Chambers will shrink.

Front 6

What is the definition of H.C.O.M?

Back 6

1) Part of the LVOT from half of the septum and the Aortic valve is obstructed.

Front 7

What is the Pathophysiology of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Back 7

1) M.A.C ( Mitral Annular Calcification) can be see.

2) Obstructive Cardiomyopathy can be see.

3) Diastolic Dysfunction from a non-compliant ventricle( A taller than E)

4) Muscle Hypertrophy effect the anulis, becomes shorter and will cause MR.

5) LA enlargement because the MR.

Front 8

What are the Physical signs of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Back 8

1) Angina, Arrhythmia, Syncope, and Sudden death (A, A, S & SD)

2) Systolic Murmur ( Crescendo-Decrescendo) because the high velocity at the LVOT and also the MR (I.H.S.S)

Front 9

What are the Echo-findings of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Back 9

1) Myocardium may have a bright appearance.

2) Abnormal thickness of ventricular walls which could be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

3) S.A.M of the Mitral will be present.

Front 10

What you see in Doppler?

Back 10

1) MR may be present.

2) Turbulence and Increase velocity at the side of the structure(Pre=Normal, Obstruction=High, Post=Turbulence)

3) MID ventricular or Sub-Aortic gradient may be present,

4) Dagger shape waveforms are seen on LVOT when there is obstruction or I.HS.S of the LVOT.

Front 11

What is the Ideology of Dilated (Constrictive) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 11

1) Idiopathic.

2) HIV. *

3) Ischemic.

4) Toxic due to alcohol.*

5) Thiamin Deficiency.

6) Chagas Disease= bite from an insect causing dilated cardiomyopathy.

Front 12

What is the Pathophysiology of Dilated (Constrictive) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 12

Increased LV mass where the walls are thin and the chambers are dilated affecting systolic function.

Front 13

What are the Physical signs of Dilated (Constrictive) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 13

1) Symptoms are those of heart failure, Fatigue, Edema, and Dsypnea.

2) Sinus Tachycardia.

3) MR and TR are usually present.

4) Left atrial & Right Atrial enlargement.

Front 14

What are the Echo-findings of of Dilated (Constrictive) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 14

1) Thrombus may be present.

2) Global Hypokinesis.

3) Small Pericardial Effusion.

4) Aortic & Pulmonic Insufficiency may be present.

Front 15

What is the Ideology of Restrictive (Infiltrative) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 15

1) Amyloidosis (most common) is a protein that infiltrates into the cardiac muscle, causing it to enlarge.

2) Sarcoidosis.

3) Excess Iron.

4) Glycogen storage aka (Pompes Disease)

Front 16

What is the Pathophysiology of Restrictive (Infiltrative) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 16

1) Bi-atrial enlargement.

2) Infiltration of Myocardium resulting in rigid ventricular walls impeding diastolic filling.

3) Sarcoidosis may infiltrates the conduction system leading to AV block.

Front 17

What are the physical signs of Restrictive (Infiltrative) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 17

1) Fatigue, Dyspnea and Angina (A,D,F)

Front 18

What are the Echo-findings of Restrictive (Infiltrative) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 18

1) Ventricular Hypertrophy-a small or normal ventricular chamber.

2) Ground glass appearance of Myocardium.

3) Ventricular systolic function may be normal or decrease.

4) Pericardial effusion may be present.

5) Endocardium may appear echogenic (bright)

6) Atrioventricular valves may appear echogenic.

Front 19

What you see in Doppler at Restrictive (Infiltrative) Cardiomyopathy?

Back 19

1) Abnormal diastolic filling pattern of Atrioventricular valves, reduced AV flow velocity with atrial contraction with less respiratory flow variation than tamponade or constrictive patients.

2) MR and TR may be present.