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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What diagnostic tool is key in differentiating this classification? |
ECHO |
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What is the LVEF in DCM ?
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Dilated cardiomyopathy EF less than 40% |
Decreased cardiac output |
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What are the symptoms of DCM? |
Dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, fatigue, wt gain, syncope, palpitation and chest pain |
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assessment findings |
S3,S4, a systolic murmur Crackles Likely, ECG LBBB, |
Heart and lung |
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2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy What are the symptoms of HCM ? |
Dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation, syncope. |
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2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy What are the symptoms of HCM ? |
Dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation, syncope. |
Potential Genetic source (cause) |
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SCD (sudden cardiac death) in HCM. Why ? |
Sudden death like with in an hour due to sudden electrical malfunction of the heart |
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Treatment of HCM |
Improving ventricular filling and stroke volume. Reduce obstruction and SCD *ventricular septal myectomy and PASA (septal ablation) |
Warning: avoid inotropes (digoxin, dopamine…) + Add a hint |
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3. Stress induced cardiomyopathy What is the cause and symptoms? |
Cause: sudden temporary dysfunction of the myocardium, ANS and Adrenalin Chest pain, Dyspnea |
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Treatment of SICM |
Supportive therapy like oxygen, fluid, prevent complication and monitor dysthymias |
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4. Restrictive cardiomyopathy Characterized by |
Rigid myocardial wall that decreases the expansion of chamber walls during ventricular filling |
Amyloidosis (waxy protein builds up) and sarcoidosis |
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What are the Treatments of RCM ? |
Treat dysrhythmias, reduce risk of SCD, relive symptoms. Life expectancy 2 years from Dx consider palliative care support |
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Vasoactive medication Milrinone |
High risk/alert medication Category: inotropic, phosphodiesterase-3 enzyme inhibitor |
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How is it given? What is it used for? |
Iv drip and used for inotropic support in HF ( decompensated HF) |
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What is the mechanism of action ? |
A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor in cardiac and vascular tissue results in vasodilation and inotropic effect with little chronotropic effects. |
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Does it require titration |
No fixed rate Loading dose followed by maintenance dose |
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What to monitor |
Monitor B/P, HR, lab like CMP for CrCl Watch for hypovolemia, iv site extravasation. |
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Warning/Precautions |
Ventricular arrhythmias including v tach. May cause thrombocytopenia, consider alternative if platelet count is lower than 150,000 mm3. |
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Adverse effects |
Hypokalemia , ventricular arrhythmia,hypotension, angina, headache |
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