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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anemia
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Deficiency of red blood cells
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Arrhythmia
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Irregular rhythm of heartbeat, w/ or w/o abnormally slow or fast rate.
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Ascites
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Swelling of the abdomen due to effusion of fluid into the peritoneal cavity.
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Auscultation of the heart
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The physician notes the quality/loudness of heart sounds through a stethoscope at the 4 valve areas.
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Bradyarrhythmia
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A pulse that is both irregular and abnormally slow.
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bradycardia
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Abnormal slowness of the heartbeat (pulse less than 60/min).
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bruit
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A rough vascular sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard on auscultation over a narrowing in an artery.
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cardiomegaly
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Enlargement of the heart.
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Clubbing
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Club-shaped deformity of fingertips, seen in chronic pulmonary disease.
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cor pulmonale
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Dilation, hypertrophy, or failure of the right ventricle due to acute or chronic pulmonary disease.
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crepitant rale
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a fine crackling rale
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dependent edema
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edema in the lower extremities, aggravated by the dependent (downward hanging) position.
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diaphoresis
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sweating
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dyspnea
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shortness of breath
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edema
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swelling due to presence of fluid in tissue spaces
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effusion
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An abnormal accumulation of fluid in a body cavity, such as the pericardium.
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ejection fraction (EF)
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the % of blood contained in a ventricle at the end of diastole that is ejected from the heart during the succeeding systole (normally 65% or higher)
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embolism
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obstruction of a blood vessel by a detached blood clot, air, fat, or injected material
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exudate
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a material deposited in/on tissues as a result of inflammation or degeneration (consisting of: protein-rich fluid, inflammatory cells, and tissue debris)
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fibrillation
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rapid, random, ineffectual twitching of cardiac muscle (usually due to coronary vascular disease)
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gallop rhythm
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a cardiac rhythm that sounds like a a galloping horse on auscultation
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hemoptysis
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coughing up blood
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hepatojugular reflux
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increase in jugular venous distention when the examiner applies pressure to the liver
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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hypertension
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elevation of blood pressure
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cardiac hypertrophy
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enlargement of a heart chamber due to increase in the thickness of its muscular wall
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hypotension
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abnormally low blood pressure
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infarction
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death of tissue to interruption of its blood supply
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ischemia
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inadequate blood supply
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Keith-Wagener-Barker changes
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Abnormal signs in the retina and retinal vessels due to hypertension and arteriosclerosis (using roman numerals I-IV)
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lumen
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the hollow interior of a vessel or other tubular structure
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murmur
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an abnormal sound (synchronous with the heartbeat)
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nocturia
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the need to rise from bed at night to urinate
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palpitations
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various abnormal sensations of the heartbeat
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paroxysmal
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occurring in sudden attacks or seizures
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
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sudden attacks of labored breathing awakening the patient from sleep.
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perfusion
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delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues by the circulatory system (with removal of wastes and carb. diox)
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pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium (membranous sac surrounding heart)
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peripheral edema
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edema of the extremities
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petechia
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a very small hemorrhage under the skin surface
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pitting edema
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edema that retains the mark of the examiner's fingers after release of pressure
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point of maximal intensity (PMI)
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the point on the chest wall where the impulse of the beating heart is most distinctly felt by the examiner's fingers
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precordial
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in front of the heart
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pulse
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the heartbeat
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rale
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cracking or bubbling sound heard on auscultation
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rhonchus
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whistling or humming sound
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shock (precordial)
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an abnormally strong thrust applied to the chest wall by the beating heart
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splitting
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seperation of the first or second heart sound
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stigma
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abnormality from an inherited or acquired condition
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syncope
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fainting
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tachyarrhythmia
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a pulse that is both irregular and abnormally rapid
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tachycardia
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rapid heart rate (over 100/min)
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thrill
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an abnormal sensation felt by the examiner over the heart when blood jets through an anomalous or narrowed orifice
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(tunica) intima
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the innermost layer or lining of an artery
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vascular
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pertaining to one or more blood vessels
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vasculitis
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inflammation of blood vessels
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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abnormal buldging of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during left ventricular systole
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Aortic Stenosis
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Abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve opening, with reduction of the left ventricular ejection volume during systole
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Infective Endocarditis
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bacterial infection of one or more heart valves
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Angina Pectoris
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paroxysmal chest pain due to myocardial ischemia (w/o permanent damages to heart muscle)
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Myocardial Infarction
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damage to a segment of heart muscle by severe impairment of coronary blood flow
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
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a syndrome of impaired hemodynamics due to inability of the heart to maintain normal circulation
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Cardiomyopathy
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term for cardiac disorders that arise primarily from diseases of the heart muscle
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Acute Pulmonary Edema
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an extreme form of left ventricular failure in which respiratory symptoms predominate
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Shock
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a condition where the systemic blood pressure is too low to maintain adequate tissue perfusion
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