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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What class of drugs is contraindicated in decompensated CHF?
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beta blockers
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What type of hypertension could be treated with diuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, or calcium channel blockers?
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essential hypertension
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What type of hypertension could be treated with diuretics, ACEinhibitors/ARBs, beta blockers, K+ sparing diuretics
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hypertension + CHF (remember, don't use beta blockers if heart failure is decompensated)
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What type of hypertension could be treated with ACE inhibitors/ARBs, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta blockers, or alpha blockers?
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hypertension + diabetes mellitus
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What is first-line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy?
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hydralazine + methyldopa
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What type of drug might you give with hydralazine to prevent reflex tachycardia?
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beta blocker
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Side effects of hydralazine? (6)
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tachycardia, fluid retention, nausea, headache, angina, lupus-like syndrome
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Name two dihydropiridine (work on vessels) calcium channel blockers
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nifedipine, amlodipine
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Name two non-dihydropiridine (does NOT work on peripheral vessels) calcium channel blockers
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verapamil, diltiazem
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Which calcium channel blocker is most HEART specific?
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verapamil (starts w/ grammam's name & she had heart problems)
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Which calcium channel blocker would be least likely to cause reflex tachycardia?
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verapamil, bc it's acting on heart and not smooth muscle
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Which calcium channel blocker would be least likely to cause AV block/arrhythmias?
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nifedipine, bc it works primarily at vessels
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Which type of calcium channel blocker would be most likely to cause peripheral edema?
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nifedipine or other dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers
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Why wouldn't a calcium channel blocker affect skeletal muscle?
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because it blocks L-type calcium channels and skeletal muscle doesn't require external calcium to cause contraction
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Nitrates preferentially dilate which type of blood vessel
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Veins
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Why does nitroglycerin help in angina but hydralazine make it worse?
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I THINK because nitroglycerin dilates veins, decreasing preload so coronary arteries need less O2, but hydralazine dilates arteries, leading to reflex tachycardia and actually making coronary arteries NEED more O2
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Which anti-hypertensive would you use to treat pulmonary edema?
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nitrates (decreases venous return --> decreased output from right heart and decreased pulmonary edema?)
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What's the molecular mechanism of NO?
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NO causes increased cGMP which decreases intracellular calcium, decreased MLCK action, and leads to myosin light chain dephosphorylation & less muscle contraction
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combination alpha/beta adrenergic antagonist used to treat malignant hypertension?
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labetolol
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Short acting drug that increase cGMP via release of NO, causes equal arterial/venous dilation. Used in malignant hypertension. Drug?
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nitroprusside
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Dopamine D1 receptor agonist that relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle. Used for malignant hypertension. Drug?
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fenoldopam
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K+ channel opener; hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Used for malignant hypertension. Drug?
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diazoxide
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What toxicity is associated with diazoxide?
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hyperglycemia bc it reduces insulin release
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