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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what part of the wall of the heart is made up of a low friction surface made up of mesothelium?
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Epicardium
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What part of the heart wall consists of endothelial lining and CT?
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Endocardium
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What constitutes the visceral layer of the pericardium in the heart wall?
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Epicardium
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The mesothelium of the epicardium is made up of what cell types?
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simple squamous and cuboidal cells
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Where in the heart wall do you see adipose tissue?
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Epicardium
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Increasing pressure across the atrial wall will cause what to happen?
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ANF will be released to relax cardiac m.
Na and water are released. this decreases blood volume |
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How does ANF relax the cardiac m?
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by antagonizing vasopressing and angiotensin II
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What stimulates diuresis and natriuresis in the right atrial wall?
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ANF
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What prevents hypervolemia and hypertension in the heart?
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ANF
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What are strong junctions between intercalated discs?
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desmosomes
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What is located on the sides of Cardiac M cells and allows the cells to communicate?
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Gap Junctions
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What do you see in aged cardiac muscle?
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Lipofuscin
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Cardiac muscles cells are arranged end to end by what?
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Intercalated Discs
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What two structures hold cardiac m cells together?
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Desmosomes and Fascia Adherens
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Which is longer, desmosomes or fasica adherens?
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Fascia Adherens
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What is modified cardiac muscle that stains light because of rich glycogen?
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Purkinje cells
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What is cholinergic in the heart? (has the ability to release acetycholine)
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Purkinje Fibers
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What innervates norepinephrine release?
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Symphathetic innervation- Thoracic Spinal Accessory Cardiac Nerves (T1-T6)
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What innervates acetycholine release?
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Parasympathetic: Vagus N
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What causes the Coronary A to dilate?
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Sympathetic Innervation
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What causes the Coronary A to constrict?
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Parasympathetic Innervation
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What innervation will cause Tachycardia?
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Sympathetic
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What is the hormonal modulation of the heart?
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Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine Norepinephrine |
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What senses high blood pressure in the carotid sinus and aortic arch?
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Baroreceptors
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What senses low blood pressure in the wall of the atria and ventricles?
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Volume receptors
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What senses 02, CO2, and pH in the carotid and aortic bodies?
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Chemoreceptors
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What part of the heart valve is made up of loose CT containing collagen and elastic fibers to absorb vibrations?
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Spongiosa
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Spongiosa of the Aortic and Pulmonary valves are known as what?
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Arterialis
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Spongiosa of the Tricuspid and Mitral Valves are known as what?
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Auricularis
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What part of the heart valve is an extension of theskeletal rings and made up of dense irregular CT?
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Fibrosa
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What are the 3 layers of the heart valves?
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Spongiosa
Fibrosa Ventricularis |
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What part of the heart valve is dense CT with elastic fibers?
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Ventricularis
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What is made up of multiple layers of elastic lamellae with a relative thick tunica intima and thin tunia adventitia?
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Large Arteries
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What artery has lots of smooth muscle and has less elastin?
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Medium Arteries
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What are 0.5 to 2.0 mm and up to 8 layers thick of smooth muscle cells?
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small arteries
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What is made up of 2-3 layers of smooth muscle?
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Arterioles
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What is absent in arterioles?
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Internal Elastic Membrane
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How do arterioles control blood flow to capillary network?
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By contraction of smooth muscle cells by precapillary sphincter
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With Athersclerosis and Ischemic Heart disease, lesions develop in what layer of the heart muscle?
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Intima
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What consists of a thick laye of fibrous CT with smooth muscle cells, macrophages, foam cells, lymphocytes, cholesterol crystals and cell debris?
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Lesion in Intima
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With developing athersclerosis, macrophages and smooth muscle cells accumulate what?
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lipid (LDL)
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With advanced lesions forming in the Intima of the heart, what type plaques form as well?
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Fibrofatty Intimial plaques
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With Ischemic Heart Disease, when does blood flow become critical?
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reduced by 90%- this is when you'll develope anginal pain
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What is a Coronary Artery Thrombosis?
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Myocardial Infarct
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What are Rouget cells?
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Pericytes
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What type of cell in the capillary wall has a large nucleus and it's basal lamina is continuous with that of the endothelium?
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Pericytes
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Pericytes are precursor cells for what?
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Endothelial cells and Smooth M cells
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What is a vasodilating agent in the capillary?
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EDRF Endothelial-derived relaxation factor
aka Nitric Oxide |
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Vasodilating agents in the capillary cause the smooth muscles to relax and blood flow increases. If this isn't controlled what can it lead to?
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Peripheral Edema
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What drives Vasodilation?
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Endothelial derived relaxation Factor and low O2
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What are 3 regulations of blood flow?
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Arteriole
Arteriovenous Shunts Metateriole |
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What is located at the Metarteriole that makes it a regulator of blood flow?
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Precapillary Sphincter
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Contraction of arteriole smooth muscle at the AV shunt would cause what?
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Blood to go to capillary bed
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Relaxation of the arteriole smooth muscle at the AV shunt will cause blood to flow where?
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bypass the capillary bed and go thru AV shunt
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What is the size of Muscular venule diameters?
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1 mm
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What is the size of Postcapillary venule diameters?
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0.2 mm
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Which has thicker Tunica Media, medium arteries or medium veins?
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medium arteries
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What are a characteristic feature of medium veins?
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valves
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The tunica media in medium veins contains what type of muscle cells?
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circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cells
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What size vein contains circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers and fibroblasts?
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Large Veins
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What layer of the Large Vein contains collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, and longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells?
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tunica adventitia
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What is the epithelium of Epicardium?
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Mesothelium- Simple squamous/cuboidal epithelium
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What is this an image of in the heart?
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Epicardium- notice all the adipose cells, simple squamous/cuboidal epi, and loose CT
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Internal elastic membrane is only located in ________.
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Arteries
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Label each #
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1. Purkinje Fibers
2. Endocardium 3. Myocardium |
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What is the image on the left? label the #s
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Muscular Artery
#1- Internal elastic lamina #2 elastic membrane (only present in arteries) |
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What is this an image of?
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Large Vein- notice how big the Tunica Adventitia is
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What is unique about medium arteries?
What is unique about medium veins? |
medium arteries- can see prominent elastic membrane
medium veins- circular and longitudinal smooth muscle cells and valves |
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What blood vessels is this an image of?
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small artery
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