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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does right atrium receive myocardial venous return from?
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coronary sinus
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Where is the SA node housed?
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in the right atrium
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Do vena cavae have valves?
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no
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What is the coronary sinus used for?
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-diagnostic purposes at catheterization to measure metabolic markers (lactate, oxygen etc.)
-also used for a pacing site and a site for myocardial preservation during cardiac surgery |
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What is the right atrial appendage used for?
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-used as a site for atrial pacing wires
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What are 4 characteristics of the right ventricle?
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-most anterior portion of the heart (target during blunt chest trauma)
-thin walled -heavily trabeculated -crescent shaped (odd shape makes it difficult to image and assess performance/enlargement) |
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How many pulmonary veins feed into the left atrium?
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4 (two from each lung)
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What are 3 characteristics of the left atrium?
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-acts as a "booster pump" to optimize filling of the left ventricle
-most posterior chamber -has an attached sub-chamber (left atrial appendage) |
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What can happen to the left atrial appendage (LAA) and what can be used to assess it?
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-often the site of clots in diseased hearts
-clot can embolize and cause strokes -assess clots in LAA by means of trans-esophageal ECHO |
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What is the Swan-Ganz catheter used to measure?
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-measures left atrial pressure indirectly by measuring pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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What are 3 characteristics of the left ventricle?
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-bullet-shaped
-thick, muscular walls -propels blood into systemic circuit |
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What is LVEF (left ventricle ejection fraction)?
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-volume of blood in LV at end-diastole minus volume of blood in LV at end-systole divided by volume of blood in LV at end-diastole
-55-65% normal EF |
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3 characteristics of the pulmonary artery
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-arises from the infundibulum of the RV
-pulmonary artery is anterior to the aorta -trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries |
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What can be used to assess O2 saturation in pulmonary artery?
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-pulmonary artery catheter
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How does blood flow in the aorta?
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as boluses, not as one continuous flow
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3 characteristics of the aorta
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-arises from the LV outflow tract
-aorta sits posterior to pulmonary artery -has 3 parts: ascending, arch, descending |
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At what age can streaks of fat be found in the aorta of North Americans?
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age 20
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Aortic valve
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-semilunar valve, tricuspid configuration (right, left, non-coronary cusps)
-right and left coronary arteries arise from their respective cusps -closure is a passive process |
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What does closure of the aortic valve create?
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creates first sound in S2
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Which is easier: aortic or mitral valve replacement?
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aortic (done in patients as old as 90 years)
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Pulmonic valve
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-semilunar valve, tricuspid configuration
-passive closure -open in systole, closed in diastole -difficult to visualize in clinical practice |
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What does closure of the pulmonic valve create?
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creates second sound in S2
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What can also be used as a replacement for the aortic valve?
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-pulmonic valve (in cardiac surgery)
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Mitral valve
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-complex apparatus
-two leaflets (large anterior and smaller posterior) |
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What 4 things does the mitral valve require for normal function?
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-intact leaflets
-competent supporting structures -contracting muscular bases -contracting left ventricular wall |
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How does closure of the mitral valve differ from closure of the semilunar valves?
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-closure of mitral valve is an ACTIVE process
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Which structures are involved in the active closing of the mitral valve?
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-chordae tendinae (multiple chordae arise from each leaflet and insert into 2 muscle bands attached to the LV--criss-cross arrangement)
-muscle bands=papillary muscles |
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What is the posteromedial papillary muscle nourished by and how is this important in an MI?
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-right coronary artery
-if patient has MI to RCA, could have mitral insufficiency since posteromedial papillary muscle is fed almost exclusivelly by the RCA |
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What is the anterolateral papillary muscle nourished by?
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-LAD and left circumflex arteries
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What does closure of the mitral valve create?
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first sound in S1 (and closure is an ACTIVE process)
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What is the junction between the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve called?
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commissures (can become diseased in rheumatic heart disease and therefore stenotic which impairs blood flow)
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Tricuspid valve
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-similar to mitral valve in configuration
-3 leaflets including a large anterior, smaller posterior and septal -closure is an ACTIVE process |
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What does closure of the tricuspid valve create?
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second sound in S1
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Can patients tolerate not having a tricuspid valve?
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yes - well seen in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for endocarditis of the tricuspid valve when valve removed and not replaced
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