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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cardiomegaly?
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a broad term that includes subacute or chronic disorders of the myocardium
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What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?
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1. Dilated
2. Hypertrophic 3. Restrictive |
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Which type of cardiomyopathy is the most common?
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dilated cardiomyopathy
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What type of cardiomyopathy is the least common?
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restrictive cardiomyopathy
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What are some characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy?
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• signs and symptoms of heart failure
• exam often reveals cardiomegaly, JVD, S3 or S4, mitral and tricuspid regugitation, low systemic BP, pulsus alterans • Echo shows left ventricular dilation and dysfunction |
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What are some characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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• impaired diastolic filling due to stiff ventricle
• left ventricular outflow can be impaired as mitral valve and thickened septum meet in mid-systole • most frequently associated with sudden death in athletes |
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What are some physical findings upon examination of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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• bisferiens carotid pulse (pulse with two palpable peaks)
• triple apical pulse (due to prominent atrial filling wave and early and late systolic impulses) • loud S4 • JVP may reveal a prominent "a wave" due to reduced right ventricle compliance • EKG shows left ventricular hypertrophy |
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What is the most common symptom of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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syncope, dyspnea, and chest pain
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Describe restrictive cardiomyopathy
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• due to impaired diastolic filling with preserved contractile function
• right heart failure tends to dominate over left heart failure |
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What is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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amyloidosis (the deposition of various proteins within the myocardium
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What are signs and symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
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• low voltage on EKG
• left ventricular hypertrophy on Echo • elevated JVP • Kussmaul's sign (an increase in venous distention and pressure during inspiration) |
