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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the epicardium
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aka the visceral pericardium, it contains adipose, vasculature, nerve fibers
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describe the myocardium
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it is the middle layer of the heart and contains the cardiac muscle perkinje fibers and blood vessels
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describe the endocardium
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it is the innermost layer of the heart
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what is the serous pericardium?
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the innermost layer of the fibrous pericardium
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describe the purpose/function of the crista terminalis
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It provides an attachment point for muscles and is a developmental boundary in the right atrium.
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what is the fossa ovalis?
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it is the closed foramen ovalis between the right and left atria.
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Where is the interatrial septum?
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it is the smooth septum between the atria
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what are the pectinate muscles?
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they are the muscles in the right atria.
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what are the chordae tendineae?
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they are the tendons attaching to the papillary muscles that close the AV valves.
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describe how the papillary muscles contribute to valve closure
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The papillary muscles are relaxed when the valve is open, and constrict when the valve closes to prevent valve prolapse into the atria.
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what does the cardiac skeleton form?
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four rings that separate the atria and ventricles
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what (3) functions does the cardiac skeleton serve?
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1. it maintains the openings and general structure off the heart.
2. It also serves as the attachment point for valve cusps and cardiac muscle. 3. serves as an electric isolation between the atria and ventricles. |
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draw a birds eye view of the cardiac skeleton and lable
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draw :)
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which valves are open and which are closed during diastole?
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The AV valves are open the semilunar (aorta and pulmonary) are closed
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which valves are open and which are closed during systole?
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The AV valves are closed and the semilunar are open.
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what closes the AV valves?
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internal ventricular pressure
(the papillary muscles serve mostly to keep the valves from prolapsing) |
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describe ventricular septal defect
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that is when the septum between the ventricles fails to close
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describe atrial septal defect
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that is when the foramen ovali fails to close upon birth
(very common) |
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describe patent ductus arteriosus
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that is when the ductus arteriosus fails to close and fails to form the ligamentum arteriosus
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describe transposition of the great arteries
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when the pulmonary and aorta are switched. must be treated surgically immediately at birth
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