Cardio Vocab

Front 1

angina pectoris

Back 1

strangling (angina) pain in the chest area (pectus)

Front 2

angiogram

Back 2

x-ray procedure done to blood vessels (angio) involving the injection of a radio-
paque substance into the selected blood vessel.

Front 3

apical rage

Back 3

pulse rate at the apex (apical, variation of apex) of the heart

Front 4

arrhythmia

Back 4

condition (ia) in which the normal rhythm (rhythm) of the heart is absent (a)

Front 5

arteriography

Back 5

x-ray films (graphy) taken of the arteries (arterio)

Front 6

atrial flutter

Back 6

rapid contraction (flutter) of the atria of the heart

Front 7

cardiac catheterization

Back 7

passage of a catheter, which is a tube for injecting or removing fluid, into the heart ofr the purpose of abtaining blood samples directly from the heart and taking pressure readings in the heart. done to determine abnormalities in cardiac circulation

Front 8

cardiac output

Back 8

amount of blood pumped (output) by the heart (cardiac) each minute

Front 9

cardiomegaly

Back 9

condition in which the heart(cardio) is enlarged (megaly)

Front 10

claudication

Back 10

lameness or limping (claudication) that results from a decrease in blood supply to the legs

Front 11

echocardiogram

Back 11

use of sound to preduce a picture (gram) of the sound waves (echo) from the different parts of the heart (cardio)

Front 12

edema

Back 12

condition in which there is swelling (edema) of parts of the body from an accumulation of fluid outside the blood vessels

Front 13

fibrillation

Back 13

action of (tion) uncontrolled twitching of the fibers (fibrill) of the heart muscles. may be atrial fibrillation, in which the atria twitch, or ventricular fib, where the ventricles twitch

Front 14

murmur

Back 14

sound heard throug a stethoscope produced by abnormal opening and closing of the valves in the heart or by abnormal flow of blood through the heart. they are not always considered to be abnormal

Front 15

palpitation

Back 15

awareness of an abnormally strong or abnormally rapid beating of the heart

Front 16

tachycardia

Back 16

condition in which the heart beats faster than normal

Front 17

thrill

Back 17

fine vibration felt by the hand on the chest surface, resulting from a loud murmur

Front 18

vasodilation

Back 18

dilation, or widening, of diameter of blood vessels

Front 19

ventricular hypertropy

Back 19

increase (hyper) in size (trophy) of the ventricle or the ventricles of the heart

Front 20

aneurysm
AAA

Back 20

dilation or widening (eury) of a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. AAA: weakening in the walls of the abdominal aorta

Front 21

Arteriosclerosis

Arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)

Back 21

disease (osis) characterized by hardening (scler) of the walls of the arteries (arterio)
ASHD: disease state of the heart in which the arteries have become hardened (sclerotic)

Front 22

atherosclerosis

Back 22

form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances (athero) deposit in and between the layers of the linin of the arteries

Front 23

bacterial endocarditis

Back 23

inflammation (itis) of the inside (endo) lining of the heart (card) caused by bacteria

Front 24

cardiomyopathy

Back 24

disease (pathy) of the hear (cardio) muscle (myo)

Front 25

congenital heart defect CHD

Back 25

heart defect that a child is born (genital) with (con)

Front 26

congestive heart failure CHF

Back 26

condition in which the heart fails to pump blood adequately and there is resultant congestion or backup of blood

Front 27

coronary artery disease CAD

Back 27

disease of the arteries involved in coronary circulation, which supplies blood to the heart itself

Front 28

coronary occlusion

Back 28

obstruction (occlusion) in the circulation to the heart

Front 29

embolus

Back 29

ball (bolus) of clotted blood and possibly other substances that is carried within (em) the blood stream

Front 30

heart attack

Back 30

sudden seizure (attack) of pain and inability of the heart to function b/c an interference in the coronary circulation

Front 31

heart block

Back 31

normal path of the electrical conduction through the heart is blocked, preventing a normal contraction of the heart

Front 32

hypertension

Back 32

elevation (hyper) of the blood pressure (tension) above normal limits, high blood pressure

Front 33

hypotension

Back 33

condition of low (hypo) blood pressure (tension)

Front 34

myocardial infarction

Back 34

nerosis or death (infarct) of a portion of the heart (cardial) muscle (myo)

Front 35

myocardial insufficiency

Back 35

action of the muscle (myo) of the heart (cardial) is not (in) adequate (sufficient)

Front 36

myocardial ischemia

Back 36

decreased (isch) in the blood (hemia) supply to the muscle (myo) of the heart (cardio)

Front 37

pulmonary stenosis

Back 37

condition (osis) in which there is constriction or narrowing (sten) of the main blood vessel to the lungs (pulmonary)

Front 38

thrombus

Back 38

blood clot (thrombus) attached to the wall inside a blood vessel

Front 39

valvular disease
3 types

Back 39

diseas of the valves of the heart can be three types:
valvular insufficiency: valve does not work efficiently
valvular regurgitation: valve doesn't close completely, allowing some blood to flow (gurgita) back (re)
v. stenosis: condition (osis) in which there is narrowing (sten) of the opening of a valve

Front 40

Rate determination (2ways)

Back 40

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

if really slow: cycles/6sec * 10= Rate

Front 41

Rhythm determinations

Back 41

Normal sinus rhythm= HR at 60-100 bpm

>100 tachy <60 brady

Ectopic Focus:
AV Junction 40-60
Bundle branches 30-40
ventricle 20-40

Look for a P-ORS-T and then another

Front 42

Intervals

Back 42

PR (beg of P to the beg of R): .12-.20

QRS (beg of Q-end of S): .04-.10

QT:(begof Q-end of T): HR increases, QT interval decreases= women have longer QT intervvals b/c lower HR

Front 43

Standard Leads

Back 43

I: RT arm neg; LT arm post
II: RT arm neg; LT lower ext post
III: LT arm neg; LT lower ext post

(bipolar limb leads)

Front 44

Augmented Leads

Back 44

aVR: RT arm pos; LT arm & leg neg
aVF: LT foot pos; RT &LT arm neg
aVL: LT arm pos; RT arm & LT leg neg

Front 45

Determining the Axis (2ways)

Back 45

look at lead w/ QRS that is small or one that is equiphasic
I: +90 -60 aVR
II: -30 +60aVL
III: +30 0aVF

look at lead with QRS that is small or one that is equiphasic; then lood at lead perpendicular to that lead to get axis

Front 46

1* AV Block

Back 46

Tachycardia or Bradycardia

PR interval >0.2
no significant change in PR interval from one to another

Front 47

2* AV block (Wenckebach) (Mobitz I- w/o EKG)

Back 47

PR interval gets longer and longer until QRS drops completely then it resumes

Benign; no danger

Front 48

2* AV block: Mobitz II

Back 48

PR interval doesn't change, but there is a DROPPED QRS complex

MAJOR problem (can develope into 3*)

Front 49

3* AV block

Back 49

P & QRS are independent of each other

P firing independent from QRS complex

Atrial rate > ventricular rate; need to specify ration of atrial : ventricle
example 3:1

Rate:
Atrial 60-80
Junctional 40-60
Ventricle 20-40

Front 50

Premature atrial contractions (PAC, APC)

Cause: drugs, ischemia, electrolytes, caffeine, insomnia, stress, cigar

Back 50

early beat
abnormal P wave (T wave abnormal, could be stuck under T)
Normal QRS
Non COMPENSATORY PAUSE: interrupts the SA nodes next beat and when resets itself comes back at a DIFF rate
LOOK IN: lead II, also in V1, V5

Front 51

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

somewhere above the ventricles

Back 51

150-250 bpm

normal QRS

NO P WAVE

regular rhythm

Caused by: ischemia, electrolytes, drugs, toxins

Front 52

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)

Back 52

150-250 bpm

UPRIGHT P WAVE

normal QRS
regular rhythm

Front 53

Atrial Flutter

Back 53

250-350 bpm
normal QRS
regular rhythm

SAWTOOTH (F-WAVES) baseline

Front 54

Atrial Fibrillation

Back 54

>350 bpm
normal QRS

irregular rate, rhythm(irregular): every QRS at different time

UNDULATING baseline (vibrating)

Front 55

Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

Back 55

early beat

abnorm. QRS: wide b/c not coming down normal conduction sys (>.10; +/- wave opposite of T wave)

COMPENSATORY PAUSE
Pwave present or not; Twave inver/not
Can be: uniform (unifocal- coming
from one place in heart)
Mulitform (multifocal- worse)

Front 56

Types of PVC:

1. 6 PVC's in a row
2. 2 PVC's in a row

3. R on T phenomenon

4. Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadrigimeny

5. Interprelated PVC

Back 56

1. V-tachy; lose 90% of ventricular output
2. salvo or couplets

3. worse PVC; if a PVC falls on a T wave

4. nb-PVC- nb
2nb-PVC-2nb
3nb-PVC-3nb

5. sinus rhythm is slow; no pause b/c PVC able to go in b/w 2 QRS complexes

Front 57

Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia (PVT)

Back 57

Abnormal QRS complex (wide)

150-250 bpm

Front 58

Ventricular Flutter

Back 58

250-350 bpm

abnormal QRS

some saw tooth pattern

Front 59

Ventricular Fibrillation

Back 59

>350 bpm

irregular rhythm

abnormal QRS

Front 60

Right Atrial Abnormality (RAA)

P wave morphology:
Lead:
Also Called:

Back 60

Peaked/ Teepee; 2.5mm or more boxes

Lead II

P-Pulmonale

Front 61

Left Atrial Abnormality (LAA)

P wave morphology:
Lead:
Also called:

Back 61

wide and/ or notched (M-shaped); >2.5mm in LEAD II

Biphasic P wave: in V1; at least one box size high (r) and low (s)

P-mitrale

Front 62

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
enlarged left ventricle- b/c pumping against increased resistance; chronic overfilling

Criteria:

Back 62

step 1: (if pt is >35 y/o)
Lead 1 and 2= pick deepest neg.
deflecction; count # of boxes

step 2:
Lead V5 and V6; pick tallest pos
deflection; count boxes

step 3: add two #'s together
if sum = 35 or more= LVH

Front 63

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)

Criteria:

Back 63

R/S ratio is greater than 1 in V1
(R is bigger then S)

if no S, then R >7 mm

Front 64

LBBB

criteria:

RSR' looks like on R/L sides

Back 64

QRS >.12 (wide)

Look in leads I and II: wide QRS and
for RSR'

RSR' in V4, V5, V6 ( can be upside
down)

Front 65

RBBB

Criteria:

Back 65

Wide QRS in Lead II

RSR' in V1

Front 66

Cor Pulmonale

Back 66

Form of heart (cor) disease resulting from disease in the lungs (pulmonale)

Front 67

Avascular necrosis

Back 67

condition in which there is death of tissue (necrosis) b/c of the lack (a) of blood supply through the blood vessels (vascular)

Front 68

Arteritis

Back 68

inflammation (itis) of an artery (arter)

Front 69

Congestive Heart Failure

Back 69

heart failure resulting from myocardial dysfunction that impairs the heart's ability to citculate blood at a rate sufficient to maintain the metabolic needs of peripheral tissues and various organs

Front 70

plethysmography

Back 70

test done to measure and record (graphy) variations in size (plethysmo) of blood vessels or extremities b/c of ariations in the amount of blood passing through a blood vessel or contained ina part

Front 71

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Back 71

damage to the heart and scarring of the heart valves resulting from rheumatic fever

Front 72

shock

Back 72

collapse of circulatory function

Front 73

Anaphylactic shock

Back 73

rxn from a severe allergy. the shock occurs because the person is not (ana) protected (phylactic) from a particular protein substance

Front 74

cardiogenic shock

Back 74

shock that is produced (genic) from a failure of the cardiac system

Front 75

neurogenic shock

Back 75

shock that is produced(genic) from a failure of the nervous system

Front 76

hypovolemic shock

Back 76

shock caused from a decrease (hypo) in volume (vol) of circulation blood (emic)

Front 77

subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

Back 77

a bacterial inflammmation (itis) of the inside (endo) of the heart (card). it is below (sub), the acute stage

Front 78

cardiac tamponade

Back 78

condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac around the heart muscle. the accumulated fluid builds to a pt where the heartbeat is impaired; the flow of blood is blocked (tampon). also called hemopericardium (blood in the sac around the heart)

Front 79

thromboangiitis obliterans

Back 79

inflammation (itis) of a blood vessel (angi) that results in the formation of a blood clot (thrombo) that obstructs (obliterans0 the flow of blood through the vessels

Front 80

varicose veins

Back 80

enlarged, twisted veins, particularly in the lower extremities

Front 81

angioplasty

Back 81

procedure in which a small catheter with a balloon end is inserted into a blood vesssel (angio) to reshape (plasty) the inside of the vessel

Front 82

bypass surgery

Back 82

surgery done on blood vessels for the purpose of installing a graft that will bypass an occluded blood vessel. a graft carries the blood supply around the poin of occlusion in a blocked vessel, there by passing the occulsion

Front 83

carsiopulmonary resuscitation CPR

Back 83

act of restoring consciousness (resuscitate) by forcing air into the lungs(pulmonary) and forcing blood from the heart (cardio)

Front 84

defibrillation

Back 84

stopping (de) the uncontrolled twitching (fibrillation) of the heart through the use of medications or electric shock

Front 85

embolectomy

Back 85

surgical removal (ectomy) of a blood clot

Front 86

endarterectomy

Back 86

surgical removal (ectomy) of a thrombus and the abnormally thickened inside (end, combining form of ando) lining of an artery (arter)

Front 87

mitral commissurotomy

Back 87

surgical cutting (otomy) of the seam (commissure) of the flaps of the mitral valve. an operation for mitral stenosis.

Front 88

Portacaval shunt

Back 88

procedure done in which a branch of the portal vein (porta) is sewn to the vena cava (caval). the portal blood is thus diverted (shunt) around the liver

Front 89

venipuncture

Back 89

puncture of a vein (veni) with a needle, or the insertion of a catheter for a diagnostic procedure