Cardio Vascular

Front 1

On which day of development does the AtrioVentricular loop begin to untwist and the cardiac septa develop in the atria, ventricle and bulbus cordis to form the right and left atria and ventricles forming a four chamber Heart?

Back 1

Day 24

Front 2

Post delivery, what immediately closes and forms the Ligamentum Arteriosum causing increased pressure within?

Back 2

Ductus Arteriosus

Front 3

What develops from the cephalad positioned Truncus Arteriosus?

Back 3

Aortic sac and arches

Front 4

What day does the FH tube (vascular tube) begin to beat and pump and circulate blood?

Back 4

20th day

Front 5

Which 2 sources do the Pulmonary Veins originate from?

Back 5

• Vascular plexus of the lungs
• Heart tube
  

Front 6

The common Pulmonary Vein on day 29 absorbs to become?

Back 6

4 Pulmonary Veins in the LA

Front 7

What occurs the same time that the Truncus Arteriosus divides (days 35-42), and are thickenings of Aortic endothelium?

Back 7

Coronary Arteries

Front 8

On day 30, the 6th arch forms what? (2)

Back 8

• Pulmonary arteries
• Ductus arteriosus
  

Front 9

Which day of development will the Pulmonary arteries come directly off of the Aorta?

Back 9

31st day

Front 10

What turns into the Pulmonary and Aortic valves (semilunar valves)?

Back 10

Bulbus Cordis

Front 11

On which day does the primitive heart tube bend anteriorly and to the right forming the Bulboventricular loop (D-loop)?

Back 11

24th day

Front 12

Between days 26-30, the 4th left arch forms?

Back 12

Transverse Aortic arch

Front 13

On which day(s) does the 3rd arch become the Internal Carotid artery?

Back 13

days 24-25

Front 14

What is a common defect that occurs during day 31 of development?

Back 14

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Front 15

What is formed on the 31st day of the Fetal Heart development?

Back 15

Semilunar valves

(aortic and pulmonic valves)

Front 16

What develops the 31st day of the Heart formation?

Back 16

Conotruncal division

*Truncus divides into an aortic channel and pulmonic channel

Front 17

What is the last morphological change that occurs in the heart before it becomes four chambers?

Back 17

communication between the two ventricles

Front 18

What is the most complex stage of the developing heart?

Back 18

Septation (gestation)

*days 27-37

Front 19

What does the formation of the heart begin as?

Back 19

paired vascular tubes

*left and right endocardial tubes

Front 20

Post delivery umbilical arteries obliterate at age 2-3 months with the umbilical veins closing shortly after. The closure of the Ductus Venosum forms the ligamentum Venosum. The umbilical veins forms the?

Back 20

ligamentum teres

Front 21

When does the Septum Primum (interatrial septum) form?

Back 21

1st and 2nd month

Front 22

Which day does the absorption of the Bulbus Cordis and Sinus Venosum occur?

Back 22

Day 24

Front 23

Post delivery, RA pressure is decreased and the LA pressure is increased resulting in the closure of?

Back 23

Foramen Ovale

*takes approx 4-6 days

Front 24

The persistence of the 4th arch could lead to?

Back 24

Double Aortic arch

Front 25

Occurs in a full term baby and is where the Foramen Ovale and/or the Ductus Artetiosum did not close. So, Pulmonary side remains high resistance allowing blood to be shunted right to left.

Back 25

Persistent Fetal Circulation

Front 26

In a full term baby, the lungs are developed but deoxygenated blood is passed right to left if the Foramen Ovale and/or the Ductus Arteriosum did not close. This causes which condition?

Back 26

Cyanosis

Front 27

Where does the Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal defect occur?

Back 27

mid-septum

Front 28

Where does the Ostium Primum Atrial Septal defect (ASD) occur?

Back 28

Inferior portion of the Interatrial septum and is associated with a cleft mitral valve

Front 29

What are 2 common defects that can occur during Septation (days 27-37)?

Back 29

Muscular VSD

Double inlet

Front 30

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion in neonates?

Back 30

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

*patient will go on to having right heart failure

Front 31

Which defects could result with the absence of endocardial cushions?

Back 31

Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Tetrology of Fallot

VSD

ASD

Front 32

What results from the dilation of the two primitive ventricles (right and left conus swelling)?

Back 32

Intraventricular septum (IVS)

Front 33

Which Bulboventricular defect has reversed right and left ventricles but correct artery positions causing reversed blood flow?

Back 33

LEVO (L-transposition)

*RA with LV

*LA with RV

Front 34

Which Bulboventricular defecct has the right and left ventricles reversed, as well as, the great arteries reversed?

Back 34

DEXTRO (D-traansposition)

*pulmonary artery (deox blood) coming off LV

*aorta coming off RV carrying deox blood to the body

Front 35

What is the condition called when the Truncus Arteriosus fails to properly divide into the pulmonary trunk and aorta?

Back 35

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Front 36

What is it called when the Truncus does not divide causing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood systems to go the wrong way?

Back 36

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Front 37

What divides the cavity of the Primitive Atrium into right and left chambers?

Back 37

Septum primum

Front 38

Which direction does the Septum Primum grow subdividing the Primitive Atrium into right and left chambers?

Back 38

downward

Front 39

What is responsible for the formation of the Mitral valve and the Tricuspid valve?

Back 39

endocardial cushions

Front 40

What contributes to the formation of the Ascending Aorta and gives rise to 6 paired arches with 3 arches normally persisting?

Back 40

Aortic sac

Front 41

What is the opening called that allows blood to be shunted from the RA to the LA during the development of the Septum Primum?

Back 41

Ostium Primum

Front 42

What is the initial divider between the right and left atria during heart development?

Back 42

Septum Primum

Front 43

What are the perforations that appear in the superior part of the Septum Primum called?

Back 43

Ostium Secundum

Front 44

What develops from the Common (cardinal), Umbilical, and Vitelline veins?

Back 44

Sinus Venosus

*caudal in position

*roof of atria

Front 45

Which tissue development forms the Septa within the heart in the Atrioventricular canal and the Trunco-canal region?

Back 45

Endocardial cushion

Front 46

What consists of 2 horns, right and left each receiving a Duct of Cuvier that develops into chambers?

Back 46

Sinus Venosus

Front 47

What is the area between the Left Subclavian and Ductus Arteriosus called?

Back 47

Aortic Isthmus

*Coarchtation occurs here

(narrowing)

Front 48

What develops on the right side of the Septum Primum of the Primitive Atria that does not extend to the endocardial cushions and Fossa Ovalis remains open in utero?

Back 48

Septum Secondum

Front 49

What diverts blood from the Pulmonary Circuit until birth?

Back 49

Septum Primum

Septum Secundum

Front 50

A short ligament thatis a reminant of the Ductus Arteriosum is?

Back 50

Ligamentum Arteriosum

*aka Botallo's Duct

Front 51

Where does the Aortic sac and arches develop from?

Back 51

cephalad positioned Truncus Arteriosus

Front 52

What is the large communication between the Primitive Atria and the Primitive Ventricle called?

Back 52

AtrioVentricular Canal

Front 53

What is the route of circulation in the Cardiac loop?

Back 53

1. Sinus Venosus
2. Right Atrium
3. Left Atrium
4. AtrioVentricular canal and Ventricles
   

Front 54

In the Fetal heart, the major problem in the BulboVentricular loop is that the ventricle is located ______________ to the Atrium.

Back 54

Cranial (cephalic)

Front 55

Deoxygenated blood returns to the Placenta via?

Back 55

Umbilical arteries

Front 56

What divides the AV canal into two AV orifices and contributes to the closure of the Ostium Primum portion of the Atrial Septum and Membraneous Septum of the Ventricular Septum?

Back 56

Endocardial cushions

Front 57

In Utero, oxygenated blood returns to the Fetal heart via?

Back 57

Umbilical vein

*with the Ductus Venosus delivering to the IVC

Front 58

In fetal circulation, highly oxygenated blood enters the RA via?

Back 58

IVC

Front 59

What directs the highly oxygenated blood towards the central opening of the Interatrial septum (foramen ovale)?

Back 59

Eustachian valve

Front 60

Term meaing, "passed on from birth" is?

Back 60

Congenital

Front 61

What is the first indication of a division into the right and left atria?

Back 61

the groove against which the Bulbus Cordus lies

Front 62

How many Umbilical veins are there?

Back 62

one umbilical vein

Front 63

How many Umbilical arteries are there?

Back 63

two umbilical arteries

Front 64

What are the 3 shunts in the fetal circulation?

Back 64

Foramen Ovale (Fossa Ovales)

Ductus Arteriosus (Ligamentum Arteriosum)

Ductus Venosus (Ligamentum Venosus)

Front 65

What does the Primitive heart consist of?

Back 65

cardiac jelly

Front 66

What does the Primitive heart tube act as?

Back 66

valve

Front 67

An opening in the heart is called?

Back 67

shunt

Front 68

During the first stage of the fetal heart development, which direction does the blood flow?

Back 68

Caudal to Cranial (cephalic)

Front 69

When the Primitive tube bends anteriorly and to the right, it forms what?

Back 69

D-loop

(BulboVentricular loop)

Front 70

Where does desaturated blood from the fetus' head and arms come from? (deox blood drainsfrom)

Back 70

SVC

Front 71

What allows the shunting of blood from the RA into the LA?

Back 71

Foramen Ovale

Front 72

What are the 3 sites for intercommunication of blood and gas exchange in fetal circulation?

Back 72

Shunts:

• Patent Foramen Ovale (fossa ovalis)
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosus)
• Dusctus Venosus (ligamentum venosus)
  

Front 73

In fetal circulation, where does gas exchange occur?

Back 73

placenta

Front 74

The most common severe congenital abnormality found among live births, is?

Back 74

Congenital Heart Disease

Front 75

What is the stage called when the Atria grows rapidly and partially encircles the Bulbus Cordis?

Back 75

Primitive Atria

Front 76

What are the strings that attach muscle to valves, helping them to open and close called?

Back 76

Chordae tendineae

Front 77

What are elevations on the AV canal of the embryonic heart which later help form the septum called?

Back 77

Endocardial cushions

Front 78

What is the opening called between the IVC and RA?

Back 78

Eustachian valve

Front 79

What does the Ostium Secundum eventually form?

Back 79

Fossa Ovalis

Front 80

Which direction do all shunts within the heart go when associated with Cyanosis?

Back 80

Right to Left

Front 81

What does the Ostium Secundum eventually form part of?

Back 81

Fossa Ovalis

Front 82

The cardiac jelly of the Primitive heart eventually forms what?

Back 82

papillary muscles

chordae tendineae

trabeculae

Front 83

What do the horns of the Sinus Venosus contain?

Back 83

Right horn:

IVC

SVC

Pulmonary veins

Left horn:

Coronay Sinus

Front 84

What does Ostium mean?

Back 84

opening

Front 85

Which side of the fetal heart has higher resistance and is stronger?

Back 85

right side

Front 86

What does the Septum Primum fuse to create right and left chambers of the Primitive Atrium?

Back 86

Endocardial cushions

Front 87

What is the most common Atrial Septal Defect to occur?

Back 87

Ostium Secundum ASD

Front 88

What is the second most common Atrial Septal Defect to occur?

Back 88

Ostium Primum ASD

Front 89

Between which days does gestation (septation) occur?

Back 89

Days 27-37

Front 90

In the beginning stage of formation (20th day), How many veins and arteries are involved in blood circulation? Name them.

Back 90

One large vein - brings blood to the heart

Two arteries - Truncus Arteriosus - carries blood to the general circulation

Front 91

What is the 1st organ to develop completely during fetal growth?

Back 91

Fetal Heart

Front 92

Where is the heart beat initiated?

Back 92

the Cardiac Loop

Front 93

What are the 3 distinct portions of the Cardiac Loop?

Back 93

Primitive atrium

single ventricle

Bulbus Cordis (conotruncus)

Front 94

What 2 changes occur for the atrium to be located cranial to the ventricle (day23)?

Back 94

• Cranial (ventricular) portions shift anterior, downward and to the right
• 
  
• Caudal (atrial) portions shift posterior, upward and to the left
  

Front 95

How long does it take for the formation of a complete heart?

Back 95

6 weeks (43 days)

Front 96

Between which weeks do all major organs form? What is this called?

Back 96

4th-8th week

Organogenesis

Front 97

What are the 3 parts of the fetal vascular tube on the 20th day?

Back 97

Sinus Venosus

(forms IVS, SVC, PV, CS, Posterior of RA and LA)

Cardiac loop

(forms atrium, ventricle, bulbus cordis)

Aortic Arches

(forms great vessels, carotid arteries, pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus)