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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What class is asymptomatic heart disease (no functional limits) by the NY Ht Association?
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Class 1
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What class is symptomatic ht dz on mild exertion by the NY Ht Association?
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Class 3
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What is the symptom definition according to the NY Ht Association of Class 2 heart disease?
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Symptomatic on extra exertion
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What is the symptom definition according to the NY Ht Association of Class 4 heart disease
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Symptomatic at rest or on minimal exertion (severe functional limitation)
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Define angina
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Uncomfortable pn in the chest usually due to myocardial ischemia
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What are the three types of angina
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stable, unstable, variant
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Define stable angina
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chronic patterns of transient angina pectorals
Pn decreases w/rest or medication Usually caused by stress or activity |
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Define variable angina
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develops due to coronary artery spasm. Occurs at rest.
There are no plaques. |
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Define unstable angina
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angina that increases in frequency and duration. It can happen at rest and is not improved with rest or medications.
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What is the Levine's sign?
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When a person puts their clenched fist to the middle of their chest. It is a key sign seen in a MI.
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What is the typical effect on the ST segment during angina
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typically the segment becomes depressed.
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What happens to the R wave during angina
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R wave height decreases
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What tests can be run to dx angina
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EKG, stress test, nuclear exercise studies, echo, coronary arteriograph
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What things typically make pericarditis worse (ie things the pt does)
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deep inspiration, cough, change in posture
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The pain of pericarditis can be sharp or dull. What does dull indicate
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effussion
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Define orthopnea
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dyspnea while recumbent
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What is it called when a pt wakes from sleep with shortness of breath and a fear of death
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Paroxysmal Nocternal Dyspnea
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What should be included on a DDX for chest pn
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Cardio: MI, angina, pericarditis
Musc: Costochondritis, spine/rib subluxation, myositits, trauma, herpes zoster GI: Esophagitis/spasm, hiatial hernia, gastric or duodenal ulcer, gallbladder dz, pancreatitis |
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What is syncope
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Loss of consciousness due to lack of O2 to the brain
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What is postural hypotension
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Hypotension on standing
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What physical changes occur during a vasovagal attacks
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BP, Pulse, and cerebral perfusion all decrease
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What is Corneal Arcus and what is it?
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It looks like a foggy ring around the iris. It has been linked to heart disease. Thought to be a lipid deposition.
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Stokes-Adam attacks
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It is a self limiting episodes of systole tachyarrhythmia w/no effective cardiac output, BP is un-recordable during the attack. Sometimes people loose consciousness, when normal rhythm is restored the patient will come to.
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Narrowing of an artery below a certain point the maximal potential blood flow is not significantly altered, what % is this
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<60%
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