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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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toxicities of digoxin= ?
what potentiates these toxicities? what drugs decrease digoxin levels ? |
arrythmias, i.e. PVC's
shortened QT scooping of ST segment inverted T waves blurry yellow vision (think Van Gogh) Toxicities of digoxin are potentiated by: -acute renal failure (==>decr excretion of digoxin) -hypokalemia==>potentiates digoxin's effects -quinidine (decr digoxin clearance; displaces digoxin from tissue binding sites) These drugs lower digoxin levels: -colestipol -glyburide -sulfasalazine -phenytoin |
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small mass of finger-like projections attached to mitral valve found incidentally on autopsy;
each papillary structure is composed of "core of fibrous tissue lined by thickened endothelium" not assoc w/other cardiac abnormalities |
papillary fibroelastosis
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MC cardiac neoplasm
MC location? |
cardiac myxoma
MC location=LA |
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what causes hypercoagulable states
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nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
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what happens in SkM during exercise to:
-O2 conc -levels of adenosine, CO2, lactate -vascular resistance -blood flow |
Decrease in O2 conc
==>increase in "vasodilator metabolites"=adenosine, CO2, lactate ==>This incr causes decr vascular resistance & incr blood flow |
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from which fetal vessels do the umbilical artereis arise?
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iliac arteries
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what dz causes concurrent renal, pulmonary, and nasal Sx?
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Wegener's granulomatosis
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where do alpha1 agonists stimulate?
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smooth muscle cell in media of arteriole
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how does Adult Polycystic Kidney Dz cause hypertension?
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cysts impair perfusion of glomeruli
==>stimulates JG cells to incr renin secretion |
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sudden excruciating pain b/w shoulder blades in pt with
HTN diagnosis? |
Ao dissection
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how calculate TPR, given
-MAP -RA pressure -CO |
TPR= pressure gradient across circulation / CO
TPR= (MAP-RA pressure)/CO |
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sepsis does what to:
-microvascular permeability -IF hydrostatic pressure -IF osmotic pressure |
increased microvascular permeability
==>protein and fluid leak out of vessels into IF ==>IF osmotic pressure & hydrostatic pressure |
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how do G- bacteria cause septic shock?
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LPS binds serum proteins and stimulates CD14 receptors on endothelial cells
=>release of cytokines |
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what causes paroxysmal (periodic attacks of) chest pain?
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reversible myocardial ischemia
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high-pitched, blowing, decrescendo murmur, heard best at left sternal border 3rd interspace
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AR
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MCCoD in Marfan's
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ruptured Ao dissection
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MC heart abnl in Marfan's
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Ao dissection
AR MVP==>MR |
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Marfan's symptoms
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EYE:
ectopia lentis (dislocated lens) CARDIAC: Ao dissection AR MVP==>MR MCCoD=ruptured Ao dissection |
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-substernal pain that radiates to left shoulder when man is at rest
-pain improves when he gets up and moves around -pain responds well to nitroglycerin ==>what causes this? |
This is Prinzmetal's angina, which is caused by coronary artery spasm
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regenerating liver nodules
no nl liver architecture ==>Dx? |
cirrhosis
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pathogenesis of nutmeg lvier
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CHF
==>pressure backs up into central veins & central sinusoids of hepatic lobules ==>central hemorrhagic necrosis |
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-prominent RV cardiac impulse
-systolic ejection murmur heard in pulmonic area -wide fixed splitting of S2 ==>Dx? ==>pathogenesis of the Sx's above |
Dx=ASD
blood goes from left to right ==>volume overload on rt side of heart ==>incr pressures of right side cause dilation of LA and LV (vs. pulmonic stenosis, which only dilates LV, not LA) ==>flow murmur (systolic ejection murmur over pulmonic area) ==>delayed closure of pulmonic valve==>wide fixed split S2 |
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wide fixed splitting of S2
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ASD
==>incr volume in rt side of heart ==>delayed closure of pulmonic valve==>wide fixed split S2 |
