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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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degree of muscle tension before contraction
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preload
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afterload AKA
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TPR
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preload AKA
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end diastolic volume
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SV equation
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SV= EDV-ESV
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EF %
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EF= EDV-ESV/EDV x 100
or EF= SV/EDV |
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stroke work output x HR = ?
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minute work output
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CO normal value
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~5L/min
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CO equation
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CO= HR x SV
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Can very high HR decrease CO? Why?
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yes
ventricular filling time is decreased |
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normal avg for Cardiac Index for adult
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~3L/min/m2
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max efficiency of heart
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20-25%
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can the heart continue to function w/o the "pumping" ability of the atria?
Why? |
Yes
b/c the atrial contractions only account for ~20% of blood flow into ventricles |
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EKG P wave represents
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atrial depol
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EKG QRS complex represents
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ventricle depol
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EKG T wave represents
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ventricle repol
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define congestion.
Does this increase or decrease contractility of heart |
overload of the heart
decrease |
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diastasis AKA
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reduced ventricular filling (last 2/3 of diastole)
ventricular filling continues at a slower rate (b/c of pressure in ventricle) |
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during systole what is going on in the atria?
why? |
blood accumulation
AV valves closed |
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is work being done during isovolumetric contraction/relaxation?
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No
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atrial pressure waves:
a wave - c wave - v wave - |
a wave = atrial contraction
c wave = begin ventricular contraction (slight backflow into atria v wave = end ventricular contraction (slow flow into atria while A-V valves closed) |
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absolute limitation and regulator of how much blood the heart can pump?
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venous return
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how is blood distribution regulated?
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local control via vasodilation/constriction of arterioles
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which phase of cardiac cycle is most of stroke volume ejected?
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rapid ventricular ejection phase
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S1 represents which valves?
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A-V valves closing
(mitral before tricuspid) |
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S1 represents the beginning of which phase?
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isovolumetric ventricular contraction
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preload is EDV which is related to ___ ____ pressure
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R atrial
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S2 represents which valves?
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Semilunar (aortic/pulmonic) valves closing
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S2 represents the beginning of which phase?
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isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
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R= ? (think Poiseuille's Law)
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nl/r4
n= viscosity l= length r= radius |
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what happens in the ventricular pressure-volume loop w/ increased preload?
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increase in SV
and increased width of pressure-volume loop |
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intrinsic ability of heart to adapt to increasing volumes of inflowing blood is called?
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Frank-Starling mechanism
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end systolic volume AKA
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L ventricular volume
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what happens in the ventricular pressure-volume loop w/ increased afterload?
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decrease in SV
decreased width of pressure-volume loop and increased end-systolic volume |
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what happens in the ventricular pressure-volume loop w/ increased contractility?
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increased ventricular tension (isovolumetric contraction/relaxation)
and decreased end-systolic volume |
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What's going on here?
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check it out:
1. MV closes, S1, EDV 2. Aortic valve opens 3. Aortic vavle closes, S2, ESV 4. MV opens 1-->2-->3 systole 3-->4-->1 diastole |
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What is the best way to inc CO inc the force of contraction or inc preload
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inc preload
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why is the mean arterial pressure closer to diastolic pressure than systolic?
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b/c only 1/3 of time is spent is systole while 2/3 is spent in diastole
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Why does inc'd K+ cause decreased contractility?
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the high [K+] in the ECF dec's the RMP
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Why does inc'd Ca+ cause inc'd contractility?
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b/c the huge amts of ECF Ca+ initiates the contractile process
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parasympathetic has what type of effect chrono or inotropic
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largely negative chronotropic
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sympathetic has what effect chrono or inotropic
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+ ino and chronotropic
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